Thermal Protective Performance is fire service must have an important protective properties, thermal protective fabric is slow to prevent heat transfer performance, and its essence is to make the outside heat slowly transferred to the skin, so that the heat generated heat damage on the human body reduced to a minimum. In the thermal protection process, the fabric is located between the skin and the heat source and the analog, the role of the fabric surface, part of the heat reflected back from the surface of the fabric, the fabric portion were absorbed, thereby preventing the part of the heat transfer to the skin; Moreover, the heat through the fabric delivered to the skin from the outside than when heat directly pass the same distance in the air slowly, and thus the skin's thermal protection has played a certain role.
So thermal protective clothing in addition to the above should have thermal protection properties, but also must have good wearability, such as having a certain degree of tensile strength, tear strength, abrasion resistance, color fastness and washability. Where washability thermal protective clothing is maintained even after repeated washing after the original thermal protective performance, and maintain clothing dimensional stability. With thermal protection technology and the increasing demand for thermal protection, thermal protective clothing should not only have good thermal protection properties and performance, but also have good wearing comfort, which the wearer to play ergonomics is very important. However, in the research and development of thermal protective clothing, the enhanced thermal protective performance and reduce the heat load of the body's metabolism is always contradictory, these two factors may be the wearer damage or affect their health. Excellent thermal protective clothing as required to external heat with good barrier effect, while the garments to a certain heat and moisture transfer capacity of the body to facilitate the requirements, therefore, the evaluation of the heat protective clothing product research and development, to meet some challenging, namely thermal protective clothing should also have good thermal protection, adequate physical activity and low thermal load. Heat loss and evaporation of sweat.
2013年7月5日星期五
How to choose anti-static clothing fabric
As our country has not yet worked out the corresponding clean clothes clean fabric or testing standards, therefore, anti-static clean fabric selection can only be based on the operating environment of each application unit requirements or tested or empirically choose. The strength of the user can spend hundreds of thousands purchase a complete set of equipment, cleanliness and the actual application environment the same environment, according to ISO standards for testing each batch of clean clothes. Most users can use their experience (including experience of others) to make the selection. To learn how to correctly choose clean fabric, we must first learn more about anti-static fabric, some basic knowledge.
Woven fabric is made of warp yarns in two directions in a specific array density according to a specific organizational structure interwoven. In a nutshell, what is the raw material, how many rows of elastic, woven into what the patterns. But to weave anti-static clean fabric, conductive fibers must also be added. Here, yarn, (latitude and longitude) array density, weave and conductive fiber fabric is anti-static clean four elements. Use antistatic fabric is based on the operating environment cleanliness requirements of the fabric of the four elements of comparison.
Anti-static clothing clean fabric identification
Measurement Density: Density mirror with fabric warp and weft density were measured and compared.
Measuring Resistance: The surface resistance tester were used to measure the warp and weft fabric resistance, and compared.
Compare the following principles: choice resistance is relatively small; such as resistors same, choosing resistor values stable;
Note the difference between whether the fabric finishing plus the antistatic agent (applies only to the Canadian conductive fibers through the conductive silk, commonly known as striped cloth), method is to use surface resistance tester warp and weft directions were measured resistance, such as the same, Minga said antistatic agent, then the size of the measured resistance does not represent the true level.
Look microstructure: Using high-powered magnifying glass to see quality of cloth, compare the size of the gap between the fibers (with dust rate related), to see whether there are attachments to the fiber surface (with the amount of dust on), see fibers are neatly arranged, elastic consistency (eg elastic inconsistencies in dress and wash loose part of the fiber is easy sanding, dust will be issued after wearing).
Check the conductive fibers: conductive fiber is anti-static clean fabric of the key raw materials, checking to see if the conductive fiber is added in accordance with standard conductive fibers and adding what kind of conductive fibers. Anti-static clothing
Check the approach is: Be careful with scissors along the edges black conductive fiber fabric cut and the black conductive fibers separated them with a magnifying glass if there is one or several relatively coarse fiber, and with a surface resistance test instrument measuring about isolated conductive fibers resistor. Continuous split out a few, can basically determine the root of each compound to come forward if black silk contain conductive fibers. (Conductive silk of choice is organic conductive carbon fiber, black or gray, usually in about 20D, in order to meet the contemporary clothes 1F ~ "safe, fashion" needs, a group of high-quality models pretty anti-static fabric series emerged recently, much of the anti-static fabric manufacturers Chuiai overalls, sales soared. fabrics in the incorporation of an anti-static weft specialty fibers, fabrics play a role conductive, anti-static fabric is mainly used for the production of petrochemical , gas stations, gas stations, oil depots and other flammable oil tankers occasions overalls.
Woven fabric is made of warp yarns in two directions in a specific array density according to a specific organizational structure interwoven. In a nutshell, what is the raw material, how many rows of elastic, woven into what the patterns. But to weave anti-static clean fabric, conductive fibers must also be added. Here, yarn, (latitude and longitude) array density, weave and conductive fiber fabric is anti-static clean four elements. Use antistatic fabric is based on the operating environment cleanliness requirements of the fabric of the four elements of comparison.
Anti-static clothing clean fabric identification
Measurement Density: Density mirror with fabric warp and weft density were measured and compared.
Measuring Resistance: The surface resistance tester were used to measure the warp and weft fabric resistance, and compared.
Compare the following principles: choice resistance is relatively small; such as resistors same, choosing resistor values stable;
Note the difference between whether the fabric finishing plus the antistatic agent (applies only to the Canadian conductive fibers through the conductive silk, commonly known as striped cloth), method is to use surface resistance tester warp and weft directions were measured resistance, such as the same, Minga said antistatic agent, then the size of the measured resistance does not represent the true level.
Look microstructure: Using high-powered magnifying glass to see quality of cloth, compare the size of the gap between the fibers (with dust rate related), to see whether there are attachments to the fiber surface (with the amount of dust on), see fibers are neatly arranged, elastic consistency (eg elastic inconsistencies in dress and wash loose part of the fiber is easy sanding, dust will be issued after wearing).
Check the conductive fibers: conductive fiber is anti-static clean fabric of the key raw materials, checking to see if the conductive fiber is added in accordance with standard conductive fibers and adding what kind of conductive fibers. Anti-static clothing
Check the approach is: Be careful with scissors along the edges black conductive fiber fabric cut and the black conductive fibers separated them with a magnifying glass if there is one or several relatively coarse fiber, and with a surface resistance test instrument measuring about isolated conductive fibers resistor. Continuous split out a few, can basically determine the root of each compound to come forward if black silk contain conductive fibers. (Conductive silk of choice is organic conductive carbon fiber, black or gray, usually in about 20D, in order to meet the contemporary clothes 1F ~ "safe, fashion" needs, a group of high-quality models pretty anti-static fabric series emerged recently, much of the anti-static fabric manufacturers Chuiai overalls, sales soared. fabrics in the incorporation of an anti-static weft specialty fibers, fabrics play a role conductive, anti-static fabric is mainly used for the production of petrochemical , gas stations, gas stations, oil depots and other flammable oil tankers occasions overalls.
Antistatic overalls technical presentations
Measures to prevent the accumulation of static electricity, as soon as possible by way of a static charge on the conducting objects, dispersed or leak out. Therefore, anti-static overalls should be selected with good conductive fiber fabrics, anti-static fabric currently used mainly in the following three kinds:
1 using the humidity dependence of the antistatic effect. By antistatic finishing, adding that in the spinning hydrophilic polymer (surfactant), the fabric easy to absorb moisture from the air, reducing table impedance, reduce static build-up, the timely release of body static.
(2) the use of a conductive fiber clothes. The fiber material is added an antistatic agent, and carbon black particles to become conductive fibers by blending, and cross, cross knitting, weaving or embedded woven methods to improve the conductivity of the fiber or fabric, to generate anti-static fabric, to achieve a charge Fugitive, textile static buildup.
3 in the amount of fibers mixed metal fiber blended fabric, the kind of fabric, good stability, resistance to washing. Special labor protection supplies are included in the directory of the "anti-static overalls" (GB12014-1989), is to prevent the accumulation of static clothing, anti-static fabrics for sewing, clothes for wearing a fire or explosion hazard. Antistatic fabric used mainly in the textile production process, the substantially homogeneously mixed with equal intervals or whole or in part of metal or organic antistatic conductive material or antistatic synthetic fibers, or a mixture interwoven .
Antistatic overalls technical requirements including structure, anti-static performance, strength three aspects. Clothing production structure that directly affect their anti-static effect, therefore, anti-static overalls design must ensure that:
1 Do not use metal garment accessories in general, you must use metal buttons, zippers, should strictly ensure that when wearing metal accessories are not directly exposed to avoid discharge sparks, fire, explosion.
(2) All clothing should use an anti-static cloth, do not use lining. You must use the lining (pocket, reinforced cloth, etc.), the exposed area should be less than full lining anti-static clothing exposed area within less than 20%; winter clothes or other special requirements for anti-static clothing, lining exposed area is exposed over all static clothing area of 20%, should be made mask with detachable lining. National standard anti-static properties Anti-static overalls antistatic properties, presents a certain resistance to washing conditions, one-piece garment electric charge requirements; implementation of special labor protection supplies safety signs, requested in the apparent position of Gasch durable special labor protection supplies safety signs.
Antistatic overalls place primarily for fire and explosion hazards. The gas explosion hazard criteria of explosive substances by frequency of occurrence, duration and degree of risk is divided into:
0 Area: Under normal circumstances, an explosive gas mixture continuously, frequently appear short or long existing sites.
1 Area: Under normal circumstances, explosive gas mixtures are possible places.
Two areas: Under normal circumstances, an explosive gas mixture can not occur only in unusual circumstances occur occasionally place a short time, is a gas explosion hazard of 0 region, a region, and the minimum ignition energy of combustible materials at 0.25 MJ of fuel combustion are alkane hydrocarbons, acrylonitrile, diethyl ether, hydrogen, carbon disulfide, furan, benzene, methanol.
Antistatic overalls antistatic properties have some durability, therefore, also need to choose anti-static overalls pollution in the workplace determined by washing requirements, select the appropriate level of anti-static overalls. Antistatic overalls for fire and explosion sites, so should normally choose to have flame retardant anti-static overalls for workers to provide more reliable protection. Speaking in similar types of work stations and the use of anti-static overalls, should also have the effect of anti-oil. Cotton overalls made to prevent electrostatic effect, but not necessarily be able to achieve the desired anti-static overalls one-piece garment electric charge is less than 0.6μC requirements, especially after washing, because the choice of washing and other reasons, which prevents electrostatic effect will decline, therefore, the choice of cotton fabric, anti-static overalls, particularly in the northern dry areas, we must be careful.
Dress Precautions
1 anti-static overalls must GB4385 prescribed anti-static shoes matching wearing.
2 It is prohibited to attach an antistatic clothing or wearing any metal objects. Need to carry tools should have anti-static, anti-spark function; Metal tools should be placed in anti-static overalls pocket is prohibited exposed metal parts.
3 wear off in explosive areas prohibit anti-static overalls.
4 in the vicinity of strong electromagnetic environment or bare areas with high-pressure, can not wear anti-static clothing.
1 using the humidity dependence of the antistatic effect. By antistatic finishing, adding that in the spinning hydrophilic polymer (surfactant), the fabric easy to absorb moisture from the air, reducing table impedance, reduce static build-up, the timely release of body static.
(2) the use of a conductive fiber clothes. The fiber material is added an antistatic agent, and carbon black particles to become conductive fibers by blending, and cross, cross knitting, weaving or embedded woven methods to improve the conductivity of the fiber or fabric, to generate anti-static fabric, to achieve a charge Fugitive, textile static buildup.
3 in the amount of fibers mixed metal fiber blended fabric, the kind of fabric, good stability, resistance to washing. Special labor protection supplies are included in the directory of the "anti-static overalls" (GB12014-1989), is to prevent the accumulation of static clothing, anti-static fabrics for sewing, clothes for wearing a fire or explosion hazard. Antistatic fabric used mainly in the textile production process, the substantially homogeneously mixed with equal intervals or whole or in part of metal or organic antistatic conductive material or antistatic synthetic fibers, or a mixture interwoven .
Antistatic overalls technical requirements including structure, anti-static performance, strength three aspects. Clothing production structure that directly affect their anti-static effect, therefore, anti-static overalls design must ensure that:
1 Do not use metal garment accessories in general, you must use metal buttons, zippers, should strictly ensure that when wearing metal accessories are not directly exposed to avoid discharge sparks, fire, explosion.
(2) All clothing should use an anti-static cloth, do not use lining. You must use the lining (pocket, reinforced cloth, etc.), the exposed area should be less than full lining anti-static clothing exposed area within less than 20%; winter clothes or other special requirements for anti-static clothing, lining exposed area is exposed over all static clothing area of 20%, should be made mask with detachable lining. National standard anti-static properties Anti-static overalls antistatic properties, presents a certain resistance to washing conditions, one-piece garment electric charge requirements; implementation of special labor protection supplies safety signs, requested in the apparent position of Gasch durable special labor protection supplies safety signs.
Antistatic overalls place primarily for fire and explosion hazards. The gas explosion hazard criteria of explosive substances by frequency of occurrence, duration and degree of risk is divided into:
0 Area: Under normal circumstances, an explosive gas mixture continuously, frequently appear short or long existing sites.
1 Area: Under normal circumstances, explosive gas mixtures are possible places.
Two areas: Under normal circumstances, an explosive gas mixture can not occur only in unusual circumstances occur occasionally place a short time, is a gas explosion hazard of 0 region, a region, and the minimum ignition energy of combustible materials at 0.25 MJ of fuel combustion are alkane hydrocarbons, acrylonitrile, diethyl ether, hydrogen, carbon disulfide, furan, benzene, methanol.
Antistatic overalls antistatic properties have some durability, therefore, also need to choose anti-static overalls pollution in the workplace determined by washing requirements, select the appropriate level of anti-static overalls. Antistatic overalls for fire and explosion sites, so should normally choose to have flame retardant anti-static overalls for workers to provide more reliable protection. Speaking in similar types of work stations and the use of anti-static overalls, should also have the effect of anti-oil. Cotton overalls made to prevent electrostatic effect, but not necessarily be able to achieve the desired anti-static overalls one-piece garment electric charge is less than 0.6μC requirements, especially after washing, because the choice of washing and other reasons, which prevents electrostatic effect will decline, therefore, the choice of cotton fabric, anti-static overalls, particularly in the northern dry areas, we must be careful.
Dress Precautions
1 anti-static overalls must GB4385 prescribed anti-static shoes matching wearing.
2 It is prohibited to attach an antistatic clothing or wearing any metal objects. Need to carry tools should have anti-static, anti-spark function; Metal tools should be placed in anti-static overalls pocket is prohibited exposed metal parts.
3 wear off in explosive areas prohibit anti-static overalls.
4 in the vicinity of strong electromagnetic environment or bare areas with high-pressure, can not wear anti-static clothing.
Antistatic finishing of knowledge
Between the fiber material or a fiber material relative to the friction with other objects, it is often different or the positive and negative electrostatic charges of different sizes. Generally speaking, almost any two surfaces in contact with each other and with the separation of the friction generates static electricity.
Two surface charge characteristics depend on the electron flow and friction power-up sequence, the power-up sequence textile fibers used are as follows:
+ Nylon wool ramie cotton silk viscose acetate fibers PVA Polyester nylon and polypropylene -
When the two fabric rubbing against each other when the power-on sequence to the left of the fiber is positively charged, while on the right side of the fiber with an equal amount of negative electricity. Friction such as cotton and polyester, cotton is generally positively charged, negatively charged polyester. The friction cotton and silk, the cotton is negatively charged, positively charged silk. Affect fiber with power of many factors, but mainly depends on the fiber hygroscopicity and air relative humidity and friction conditions. The better the hydrophilic fibers, the more moisture, the lower the charge level. Because fiber micro fiber surface and is easy to form capillary surface water film or fibers in water vein, is conducive to the discharge electrons or ions escape. Natural fibers such as cotton, wool, silk, linen and other high moisture absorption, low resistance, electrostatic phenomenon is not serious, and synthetic fibers as low moisture absorption, high crystallinity and other features easy to produce static electricity.
The lower the relative humidity of air, the lower the moisture absorption of the fiber, even though the hydrophilic fibers, and also because low hardness and static regain. Because even the hydrophilic fibers in the absolute dry condition is an insulator.
The rougher the surface of the fiber, the greater the friction coefficient, the contact point, the more prone to static electricity. Two relative friction surface faster, then the greater the chance the contact point, the charge density, the higher the potential difference. Friction, the greater the pressure between the fibers, the friction area is larger, with a greater power. The temperature of the fiber material also affect the amount of static electricity, the temperature increased, the resistance decreased with reduced power consumption.
Textiles static electricity generated on the production of textiles and textile use will have a big impact, and even dangerous. For example, in the drying, the fabric moisture content decreased, not export static, often adsorbed on the metal parts, the disorder binding. The same fabric as the charge of the same, the occurrence of mutually exclusive, so that is not easy to drop cloth folded neatly under the influence of channel processing. Operator's hands and dry cloth in contact with the charge often subjected to electric shocks, easy absorption of clothing with electrostatic dust and pollution, taking clothing with electrostatic abnormal state occurs after deformation, such as skirts stick on the socks, underwear, outerwear close to the upper . Fabric with electrostatic discharge phenomena often, if the explosion area, prone to explosion. Generation of static electricity can also affect the normal process of high-speed spinning mills conducted static on raising machine often makes fabric pilling difficulties, from out of the fluff disorders and rewind decapitated. So for antistatic finishing of textiles is necessary.
An anti-static methods
Eliminating static methods are generally fabric physical and chemical methods of two kinds.
1, the physical static method
Such as the use of the power-up sequence of the fiber, and the opposite electric charge to eliminate or reduce the amount of static electricity, such as polyester blended; with increasing fiber lubricating oil can reduce the processing of the friction, such as synthetic fiber spinning oil added agent; electrostatic charge size, depending on the dielectric constant between the fibers, dielectric constant higher the value, the more easily escape static electricity. Therefore, if the wetting between the fibers to increase the dielectric constant of air, can be reduced with power. Such as raising machine for wet spray to eliminate static electricity. Can also be grounded to ground the static electricity on the fibers or increase the relative humidity of the working environment, as by weaving the wet plant to eliminate static electricity.
2, chemical static method
Finishing with the antistatic agent to eliminate static electricity.
⑴ increase fiber absorbency with a hydrophilic nonionic surfactant or a polymer substance order. Water has a very high conductivity, so long as the amount of water absorption, can significantly improve the conductivity of the polymer material. Therefore, antistatic finishing main function is to improve the absorption capacity of fiber material, to improve conductivity and reduce static phenomenon.
Antistatic effect of surfactants is due to it forming an adsorption layer on the fiber surface, the adsorption layer of surfactant hydrophobic tails attract each and hydrophobic fibers, the polar end is pointing to the outside, to enhance the fiber surface hydrophilicity , which can easily increase due to the relative humidity of air in the fiber layer formed on the surface of water absorption, lower than the resistance of the fiber surface. But such finishing agents due to the decrease of humidity in the air affect its antistatic properties.
⑵ ionic surface ionization by ionic surfactants or polymeric substance order. Such ionic finishing agent by the fiber surface moisture role ionized, electrically conductive, which can reduce the accumulation of static electricity. This finishing agent also has a water absorption, and therefore its antistatic ability and its capacity to absorb moisture and relative humidity of the air is also a relationship.
Two, antistatic finishing agent and its application
1, non-durable antistatic finishing agent
Non-durable antistatic finishing agent for fibers small affinity, intolerance wash, commonly used in synthetic fiber spinning oil and non-durable fabric wash infrequently antistatic finishing. This type of finishing agent from the surface of active agent.
⑴ anionic surfactants such as alkyl phosphates strong antistatic properties.
⑵ nonionic surfactants of this type finishing agent having a hydrophilic group such as-OH,-CONH2, and a polyether group. For example, fatty amines and fatty amides polyether derivatives are good antistatic agent.
⑶ cationic surfactants are generally quaternary ammonium salts, such antistatic agent reactive ion with a positive charge, the adsorption ability of the fiber, with excellent softness, smoothness, antistatic, as antistatic agents, and the softening agent, and has a certain degree of washability.
Non-durable antistatic finishing agent for processing general process is: padding antistatic finishing agent (one or two dip dip a second rolling mill, 5 ~ 20g / L) → drying (100 ~ 130 ℃).
2, durable antistatic finishing agent
Such finishing agent to the fabric has good durability, resistance to washing 20 times.
⑴ high molecular weight non-ionic antistatic finishing agent
◇ polyethylene terephthalate and polyoxyethylene terephthalate block copolymer: this type of finishing process finishing agents are often used in antistatic agents, and polyester having a similar chemical structure.
As these polyester finishing agent having a similar structure, when it enters the surface of the polyester fibers of Microsoft, the generation of the polyester molecules and fixed to the crystallization of the polyester to achieve durability. Finishing agent molecules in the polyoxyethylene group which has a hydrophilic polyester and has antistatic properties.
Finishing process: padding finishing agent → drying → heat treatment (180 ~ 190 ℃, 30s).
The purpose is to promote the high temperature treatment of crystallization, and with the heat-setting at the same time.
◇ acrylic copolymer: this type of finishing agent also has a similar ester and polyester, with a hydrophobic group belong, the carboxylic acid group orientation, imparts hydrophilicity and has conductivity.
Its finishing process is: padding finishing agent → drying → baking.
⑵ crosslinked film finishing agent for this kind of antistatic finishing agent applied to the film by cross-linking the fiber surface of the conductive layer of an insoluble polymer, such as polyoxyethylene group-containing polyhydric polyamine compound.
Wherein the hydroxyl and amino groups with a polyfunctional crosslinking agent to generate a linear or three-dimensional network structure insoluble polymer film to improve its washing properties. The crosslinking agent may be used in the reaction under acidic conditions or six 2D resin methylol melamine resin, it can be in reaction under alkaline conditions propionyl trimethoxy-triazine, its antistatic properties of the polyether hydrophilic generation.
Third, the size of the measure electrostatic
1, the surface resistance Rs than the surface specific resistance fiber static decay rate that the size of the surface of the material is numerically equal to the width and length of the resistance equal to 1cm, the unit is Ω.
2, the half-life t1 / 2 is the half-life of the fabric to measure the size of the electrostatic decay rate of the physical quantity, which means the fabric electrostatic charge decay to half the original value of the time required, the unit is s.
3, the mass ratio of the resistance of a homogeneous sample length 1cm, weight 1g represents the resistance value of a Ω, the unit is Ωg/cm2.
4, the friction between the static voltage or other textile articles after friction, electricity or electrical leakage triboelectric equilibrium voltage value.
Two surface charge characteristics depend on the electron flow and friction power-up sequence, the power-up sequence textile fibers used are as follows:
+ Nylon wool ramie cotton silk viscose acetate fibers PVA Polyester nylon and polypropylene -
When the two fabric rubbing against each other when the power-on sequence to the left of the fiber is positively charged, while on the right side of the fiber with an equal amount of negative electricity. Friction such as cotton and polyester, cotton is generally positively charged, negatively charged polyester. The friction cotton and silk, the cotton is negatively charged, positively charged silk. Affect fiber with power of many factors, but mainly depends on the fiber hygroscopicity and air relative humidity and friction conditions. The better the hydrophilic fibers, the more moisture, the lower the charge level. Because fiber micro fiber surface and is easy to form capillary surface water film or fibers in water vein, is conducive to the discharge electrons or ions escape. Natural fibers such as cotton, wool, silk, linen and other high moisture absorption, low resistance, electrostatic phenomenon is not serious, and synthetic fibers as low moisture absorption, high crystallinity and other features easy to produce static electricity.
The lower the relative humidity of air, the lower the moisture absorption of the fiber, even though the hydrophilic fibers, and also because low hardness and static regain. Because even the hydrophilic fibers in the absolute dry condition is an insulator.
The rougher the surface of the fiber, the greater the friction coefficient, the contact point, the more prone to static electricity. Two relative friction surface faster, then the greater the chance the contact point, the charge density, the higher the potential difference. Friction, the greater the pressure between the fibers, the friction area is larger, with a greater power. The temperature of the fiber material also affect the amount of static electricity, the temperature increased, the resistance decreased with reduced power consumption.
Textiles static electricity generated on the production of textiles and textile use will have a big impact, and even dangerous. For example, in the drying, the fabric moisture content decreased, not export static, often adsorbed on the metal parts, the disorder binding. The same fabric as the charge of the same, the occurrence of mutually exclusive, so that is not easy to drop cloth folded neatly under the influence of channel processing. Operator's hands and dry cloth in contact with the charge often subjected to electric shocks, easy absorption of clothing with electrostatic dust and pollution, taking clothing with electrostatic abnormal state occurs after deformation, such as skirts stick on the socks, underwear, outerwear close to the upper . Fabric with electrostatic discharge phenomena often, if the explosion area, prone to explosion. Generation of static electricity can also affect the normal process of high-speed spinning mills conducted static on raising machine often makes fabric pilling difficulties, from out of the fluff disorders and rewind decapitated. So for antistatic finishing of textiles is necessary.
An anti-static methods
Eliminating static methods are generally fabric physical and chemical methods of two kinds.
1, the physical static method
Such as the use of the power-up sequence of the fiber, and the opposite electric charge to eliminate or reduce the amount of static electricity, such as polyester blended; with increasing fiber lubricating oil can reduce the processing of the friction, such as synthetic fiber spinning oil added agent; electrostatic charge size, depending on the dielectric constant between the fibers, dielectric constant higher the value, the more easily escape static electricity. Therefore, if the wetting between the fibers to increase the dielectric constant of air, can be reduced with power. Such as raising machine for wet spray to eliminate static electricity. Can also be grounded to ground the static electricity on the fibers or increase the relative humidity of the working environment, as by weaving the wet plant to eliminate static electricity.
2, chemical static method
Finishing with the antistatic agent to eliminate static electricity.
⑴ increase fiber absorbency with a hydrophilic nonionic surfactant or a polymer substance order. Water has a very high conductivity, so long as the amount of water absorption, can significantly improve the conductivity of the polymer material. Therefore, antistatic finishing main function is to improve the absorption capacity of fiber material, to improve conductivity and reduce static phenomenon.
Antistatic effect of surfactants is due to it forming an adsorption layer on the fiber surface, the adsorption layer of surfactant hydrophobic tails attract each and hydrophobic fibers, the polar end is pointing to the outside, to enhance the fiber surface hydrophilicity , which can easily increase due to the relative humidity of air in the fiber layer formed on the surface of water absorption, lower than the resistance of the fiber surface. But such finishing agents due to the decrease of humidity in the air affect its antistatic properties.
⑵ ionic surface ionization by ionic surfactants or polymeric substance order. Such ionic finishing agent by the fiber surface moisture role ionized, electrically conductive, which can reduce the accumulation of static electricity. This finishing agent also has a water absorption, and therefore its antistatic ability and its capacity to absorb moisture and relative humidity of the air is also a relationship.
Two, antistatic finishing agent and its application
1, non-durable antistatic finishing agent
Non-durable antistatic finishing agent for fibers small affinity, intolerance wash, commonly used in synthetic fiber spinning oil and non-durable fabric wash infrequently antistatic finishing. This type of finishing agent from the surface of active agent.
⑴ anionic surfactants such as alkyl phosphates strong antistatic properties.
⑵ nonionic surfactants of this type finishing agent having a hydrophilic group such as-OH,-CONH2, and a polyether group. For example, fatty amines and fatty amides polyether derivatives are good antistatic agent.
⑶ cationic surfactants are generally quaternary ammonium salts, such antistatic agent reactive ion with a positive charge, the adsorption ability of the fiber, with excellent softness, smoothness, antistatic, as antistatic agents, and the softening agent, and has a certain degree of washability.
Non-durable antistatic finishing agent for processing general process is: padding antistatic finishing agent (one or two dip dip a second rolling mill, 5 ~ 20g / L) → drying (100 ~ 130 ℃).
2, durable antistatic finishing agent
Such finishing agent to the fabric has good durability, resistance to washing 20 times.
⑴ high molecular weight non-ionic antistatic finishing agent
◇ polyethylene terephthalate and polyoxyethylene terephthalate block copolymer: this type of finishing process finishing agents are often used in antistatic agents, and polyester having a similar chemical structure.
As these polyester finishing agent having a similar structure, when it enters the surface of the polyester fibers of Microsoft, the generation of the polyester molecules and fixed to the crystallization of the polyester to achieve durability. Finishing agent molecules in the polyoxyethylene group which has a hydrophilic polyester and has antistatic properties.
Finishing process: padding finishing agent → drying → heat treatment (180 ~ 190 ℃, 30s).
The purpose is to promote the high temperature treatment of crystallization, and with the heat-setting at the same time.
◇ acrylic copolymer: this type of finishing agent also has a similar ester and polyester, with a hydrophobic group belong, the carboxylic acid group orientation, imparts hydrophilicity and has conductivity.
Its finishing process is: padding finishing agent → drying → baking.
⑵ crosslinked film finishing agent for this kind of antistatic finishing agent applied to the film by cross-linking the fiber surface of the conductive layer of an insoluble polymer, such as polyoxyethylene group-containing polyhydric polyamine compound.
Wherein the hydroxyl and amino groups with a polyfunctional crosslinking agent to generate a linear or three-dimensional network structure insoluble polymer film to improve its washing properties. The crosslinking agent may be used in the reaction under acidic conditions or six 2D resin methylol melamine resin, it can be in reaction under alkaline conditions propionyl trimethoxy-triazine, its antistatic properties of the polyether hydrophilic generation.
Third, the size of the measure electrostatic
1, the surface resistance Rs than the surface specific resistance fiber static decay rate that the size of the surface of the material is numerically equal to the width and length of the resistance equal to 1cm, the unit is Ω.
2, the half-life t1 / 2 is the half-life of the fabric to measure the size of the electrostatic decay rate of the physical quantity, which means the fabric electrostatic charge decay to half the original value of the time required, the unit is s.
3, the mass ratio of the resistance of a homogeneous sample length 1cm, weight 1g represents the resistance value of a Ω, the unit is Ωg/cm2.
4, the friction between the static voltage or other textile articles after friction, electricity or electrical leakage triboelectric equilibrium voltage value.
Optional anti-static overalls knowledge you need to know
Antistatic overalls clothes in order to avoid accumulation of static electricity, antistatic fabric for the fabric and sewing clothes.
First, anti-static fabric
Many types of anti-static fabric, summed up in roughly three types:
The first is the choice of resin antistatic agent pick up the fabric by padding, baking and the appearance of adhering to the synthetic fabrics, the fabric has a certain anti-static effect. This approach is now used only for civilian clothing to beat clothes ridden, spark discharge, pollution, dust and other static representation suck.
The second is the polymer in the polyester or nylon increased internal antistatic agents, such as phosphate, sulfonate appearance active agent or a third monomer to obtain durability introduce antistatic fiber. Antistatic agents because of the increased base case will play most of repercussions or differentiation appearance active agent, so when you wash the fabric pack or alkaline scrubbing agent hanged, to avoid affecting the antistatic effect, the fiber suitable for clean clothes, sterile clothes, can also be used for civilian garments.
The third is usually mixed with conductive fiber fabrics, such as anti-static fabric environmental impact regardless of location, is now available throughout sustained and recognized. This anti-static fabric antistatic function and the type of conductive fibers and conductive component (metal, graphite, carbon black, etc.) in the fiber segment condition, into homogeneous conductive component, conductive component cover, conductive compound component and a conductive component hybrid of four. Meanwhile rich in carbon black, graphite and other conductive components other composite conductive fiber filaments can be directly used for weaving, the warp every certain distance (eg 1.5 cm or so) embedded in a conductive filament, you can get a good antistatic effect, is currently used to weave cloth for the best anti-static clothing conductive fibers.
Second, the product is classified
Antistatic overalls moment according washability divergent samples can be divided into Class A and Class B. Meanwhile, A-level resistance to washing time should be ≥ 33.0 h, B-level resistance to washing time should be ≥ 16.0 h.
Third, anti-static overalls primary skill function
Antistatic overalls necessary for production according to national norms, existing national norms are useful GB 12014-1989 "anti-static overalls." The primary anti-static overalls skills needs is anti-static function, that is, each anti-static clothing electric charge, this requirement is directly related to the product's protection. In addition, the joints cracking strength, metal accessories, fabrics kimono material cracking strength is affecting the role of anti-static clothing worn and skills indicators.
Fourth, how to buy anti-static overalls
1, the layout needs
(A) wear Convenient, Comfortable, easy to get rid of, is conducive to human activities.
(2) shall not normally use metal garment accessories, it is necessary to use (buttons, zippers, etc.), you should ensure that when worn, metal accessories shall not directly revealed.
(3) Clothing should be fully utilized anti-static fabric, do not use fabric. It is necessary to use fabric (pocket, reinforced cloth, etc.), the fabric exposed area of the inner surface of the full anti-static overalls exposed area of 20% or less; than 20% (such as winter clothes or special clothing) should be made with the fabric of the mask detachable.
2, the style needs
Typically overalls Tops for "three-tight," Bottoms is Straight; or "three-tight" jumpsuit.
Fifth, use and precautions
1, provided that under normal conditions, an explosive gas mixture in succession, frequently short time or a long time to show there was a place and explosive gas mixtures are capable of rendering the place, the minimum point of the combustible energy of 0.25 mJ, the following should Wearing anti-static overalls.
2, stop wear off in explosive areas antistatic overalls.
3, anti-static overalls Suppression attach or wear any metal objects.
4, wear anti-static clothing, you should also support the use of the anti-static shoes, along with the ground should also be conductive flooring.
5, anti-static overalls should adhere to clean, stick anti-static function, use with a soft brush, a soft cloth moistened with neutral washing agent rinse, no damage to the clothing material fibers.
6, wearing a period of time, the response to anti-static clothing for inspection, if the static function does not meet the specification requirements, you can not prevent the use of static overalls.
Electrically insulating footwear (boots) optional use
1, the selection of suitable species
Place in accordance with wearing divergent samples, the selection of divergent like electrical insulation shoes (boots). Generally speaking, the following withstand voltage 15 kV electrical insulation shoes and canvas shoes for electrical insulation frequency voltage 1 kV following operating environments; withstand voltage 15 kV or more electrically insulating boots rubber boots and polymeric materials for power frequency voltage above 1 kV operating environment. Also wear shoes and electrical insulation electrical insulation cloth shoes, their working environment should be able to adhere uppers boring.
2, there is evidence of solid product selection
Electrical insulation shoes are special labor protection supplies, implementation of industrial products production license and promised safety certification mark guidelines. In the purchase, you should first recognize whether the manufacturer of the product issued by the State Industrial product has promised to produce evidence (imported goods do not need to) and safety certification mark. On this basis, and then check whether the product title and address of the manufacturer, the production of industrial products promise card number, safety certification mark number, production date, production of goods to fulfill the norms of the Code, whether attached to the certificate and use the product manual, special attention to check whether there are shoes product title (or "electrical insulation" words or "EH" word), lightning symbol, shoe size and voltage resistance values. In addition, should demand to produce the merchandise dealers detection statements, and the promised goods manufacturers produce evidence (imported goods no such evidence) and safety signs certificates and checks useful life, with the demand for these two dealers supply copy of the material.
3, check the appearance of quality
Uppers can check whether a disability, color divergent, and the line re-pin jumper, break, pin code irregularity; help end whether there is a plastic, off-line; soles could have had sulfur, less sulfur , spray sulfur; like.
4, the use of precautions
Wearing any electrical insulation shoes (boots) should avoid touching sharp, high-temperature corrosive substances text, avoid shoes (boots) suffered injuries affect electrical function. Any help end corrosion, breakage of the Department, can no longer be used as electrical insulation shoes (boots) wearing.
First, anti-static fabric
Many types of anti-static fabric, summed up in roughly three types:
The first is the choice of resin antistatic agent pick up the fabric by padding, baking and the appearance of adhering to the synthetic fabrics, the fabric has a certain anti-static effect. This approach is now used only for civilian clothing to beat clothes ridden, spark discharge, pollution, dust and other static representation suck.
The second is the polymer in the polyester or nylon increased internal antistatic agents, such as phosphate, sulfonate appearance active agent or a third monomer to obtain durability introduce antistatic fiber. Antistatic agents because of the increased base case will play most of repercussions or differentiation appearance active agent, so when you wash the fabric pack or alkaline scrubbing agent hanged, to avoid affecting the antistatic effect, the fiber suitable for clean clothes, sterile clothes, can also be used for civilian garments.
The third is usually mixed with conductive fiber fabrics, such as anti-static fabric environmental impact regardless of location, is now available throughout sustained and recognized. This anti-static fabric antistatic function and the type of conductive fibers and conductive component (metal, graphite, carbon black, etc.) in the fiber segment condition, into homogeneous conductive component, conductive component cover, conductive compound component and a conductive component hybrid of four. Meanwhile rich in carbon black, graphite and other conductive components other composite conductive fiber filaments can be directly used for weaving, the warp every certain distance (eg 1.5 cm or so) embedded in a conductive filament, you can get a good antistatic effect, is currently used to weave cloth for the best anti-static clothing conductive fibers.
Second, the product is classified
Antistatic overalls moment according washability divergent samples can be divided into Class A and Class B. Meanwhile, A-level resistance to washing time should be ≥ 33.0 h, B-level resistance to washing time should be ≥ 16.0 h.
Third, anti-static overalls primary skill function
Antistatic overalls necessary for production according to national norms, existing national norms are useful GB 12014-1989 "anti-static overalls." The primary anti-static overalls skills needs is anti-static function, that is, each anti-static clothing electric charge, this requirement is directly related to the product's protection. In addition, the joints cracking strength, metal accessories, fabrics kimono material cracking strength is affecting the role of anti-static clothing worn and skills indicators.
Fourth, how to buy anti-static overalls
1, the layout needs
(A) wear Convenient, Comfortable, easy to get rid of, is conducive to human activities.
(2) shall not normally use metal garment accessories, it is necessary to use (buttons, zippers, etc.), you should ensure that when worn, metal accessories shall not directly revealed.
(3) Clothing should be fully utilized anti-static fabric, do not use fabric. It is necessary to use fabric (pocket, reinforced cloth, etc.), the fabric exposed area of the inner surface of the full anti-static overalls exposed area of 20% or less; than 20% (such as winter clothes or special clothing) should be made with the fabric of the mask detachable.
2, the style needs
Typically overalls Tops for "three-tight," Bottoms is Straight; or "three-tight" jumpsuit.
Fifth, use and precautions
1, provided that under normal conditions, an explosive gas mixture in succession, frequently short time or a long time to show there was a place and explosive gas mixtures are capable of rendering the place, the minimum point of the combustible energy of 0.25 mJ, the following should Wearing anti-static overalls.
2, stop wear off in explosive areas antistatic overalls.
3, anti-static overalls Suppression attach or wear any metal objects.
4, wear anti-static clothing, you should also support the use of the anti-static shoes, along with the ground should also be conductive flooring.
5, anti-static overalls should adhere to clean, stick anti-static function, use with a soft brush, a soft cloth moistened with neutral washing agent rinse, no damage to the clothing material fibers.
6, wearing a period of time, the response to anti-static clothing for inspection, if the static function does not meet the specification requirements, you can not prevent the use of static overalls.
Electrically insulating footwear (boots) optional use
1, the selection of suitable species
Place in accordance with wearing divergent samples, the selection of divergent like electrical insulation shoes (boots). Generally speaking, the following withstand voltage 15 kV electrical insulation shoes and canvas shoes for electrical insulation frequency voltage 1 kV following operating environments; withstand voltage 15 kV or more electrically insulating boots rubber boots and polymeric materials for power frequency voltage above 1 kV operating environment. Also wear shoes and electrical insulation electrical insulation cloth shoes, their working environment should be able to adhere uppers boring.
2, there is evidence of solid product selection
Electrical insulation shoes are special labor protection supplies, implementation of industrial products production license and promised safety certification mark guidelines. In the purchase, you should first recognize whether the manufacturer of the product issued by the State Industrial product has promised to produce evidence (imported goods do not need to) and safety certification mark. On this basis, and then check whether the product title and address of the manufacturer, the production of industrial products promise card number, safety certification mark number, production date, production of goods to fulfill the norms of the Code, whether attached to the certificate and use the product manual, special attention to check whether there are shoes product title (or "electrical insulation" words or "EH" word), lightning symbol, shoe size and voltage resistance values. In addition, should demand to produce the merchandise dealers detection statements, and the promised goods manufacturers produce evidence (imported goods no such evidence) and safety signs certificates and checks useful life, with the demand for these two dealers supply copy of the material.
3, check the appearance of quality
Uppers can check whether a disability, color divergent, and the line re-pin jumper, break, pin code irregularity; help end whether there is a plastic, off-line; soles could have had sulfur, less sulfur , spray sulfur; like.
4, the use of precautions
Wearing any electrical insulation shoes (boots) should avoid touching sharp, high-temperature corrosive substances text, avoid shoes (boots) suffered injuries affect electrical function. Any help end corrosion, breakage of the Department, can no longer be used as electrical insulation shoes (boots) wearing.
What are the features retardant cloth
Speaking retardant fabric, flame retardant fabric is we all know that is put away from the fire, retardant, non-renewal of burning cloth, then flame-retardant cloth which features it?
A. retardant does not mean burn, just extend the ignition time, such as the ignition point of the material reached after 20-30 seconds before the fire extended to fight off the ignition of clothing of the time, reduce the degree burns.
B. retardant, flame retardant in high temperature environments than design time or temperature, this performance is equally invalid.
C. not continued burning, need to look at the fire conditions and environment, if an adequate supply of oxygen to the fire, sweltering too high, continued burning the possibility still exists.
D. You can use a variety of fabrics flame retardant treatment, flame retardant function and thus also closely related to physical and chemical properties of materials, although the use of different materials of the same fabric flame retardant, the flame retardant effect is also different and requires attention.
E. from the fire goes out, you need to look at the fire temperature and the air (oxygen), and in such a high-temperature environment, the length of time. Flame retardant effect exceeds its limit or could play a role in time, flame effect disappeared, no different from ordinary fabrics.
This is the civilian / commercial flame retardant conditions, special purpose such as: Fireman / Fire Equipment / Military equipment / Special Industrial equipped, etc., from the fabric material / Flammability class several levels higher than the civilian.
After a fire-retardant treatment of civilian fabrics, other functional fabrics with the same general. Questioning synthetic fabrics can also be used to achieve flame retardant treatment effect you? Answer pairs can be extended ignition time and increase fiber melting temperature (this is very important because the chemical adhesion with the skin after the fire, rescue quite troublesome, chemical fire risk than cellulose fibers high).
A. retardant does not mean burn, just extend the ignition time, such as the ignition point of the material reached after 20-30 seconds before the fire extended to fight off the ignition of clothing of the time, reduce the degree burns.
B. retardant, flame retardant in high temperature environments than design time or temperature, this performance is equally invalid.
C. not continued burning, need to look at the fire conditions and environment, if an adequate supply of oxygen to the fire, sweltering too high, continued burning the possibility still exists.
D. You can use a variety of fabrics flame retardant treatment, flame retardant function and thus also closely related to physical and chemical properties of materials, although the use of different materials of the same fabric flame retardant, the flame retardant effect is also different and requires attention.
E. from the fire goes out, you need to look at the fire temperature and the air (oxygen), and in such a high-temperature environment, the length of time. Flame retardant effect exceeds its limit or could play a role in time, flame effect disappeared, no different from ordinary fabrics.
This is the civilian / commercial flame retardant conditions, special purpose such as: Fireman / Fire Equipment / Military equipment / Special Industrial equipped, etc., from the fabric material / Flammability class several levels higher than the civilian.
After a fire-retardant treatment of civilian fabrics, other functional fabrics with the same general. Questioning synthetic fabrics can also be used to achieve flame retardant treatment effect you? Answer pairs can be extended ignition time and increase fiber melting temperature (this is very important because the chemical adhesion with the skin after the fire, rescue quite troublesome, chemical fire risk than cellulose fibers high).
Flame Retardant Fabric distinction
Retardant fabrics are disposable, durable and permanent three kinds of distinction.
Durable and permanent flame retardant fabric fabric is mainly used to make clothing, but once retardant fabric is used in decoration, curtains, cushions and so on.
Three initial flame retardant properties without much difference, but durable flame retardant fabric fire retardant effect after washing 50 times decreased, disposable retardant fabric flame retardant disappeared completely after washing, permanent flame retardant properties after washing fabrics unchanged.
Flame retardant curtain is made of fabric curtains, curtain fabric with fire-retardant features because, to achieve fire mitigation effect was widely adopted. PRC standard GB50222-95 "architectural interior design for fire protection" provisions of decorative materials according to their performance is divided into four combustion: A level non-flammable; B1 grade flame retardant; B2 level flammability; B3 level flammability. Therefore, only a Class A and Class B1 fire retardant fabric fabrics can be called. Currently, in addition to non-textile fabrics to achieve Class A flame retardant, the flame retardant textile fabrics of the highest grade for the B1 level.
Retardant curtains, refers retardant fabric through a series of special treatment and made of fine, high flame retardant curtains. Of course, the fire-retardant curtains can also be used according to the divided permanent flame retardant fabric curtains and disposable flame retardant curtains.
Permanent flame retardant fiber woven curtains used, regardless of how many times the water, the flame retardant effect never change. In particular, the Department adopted retardant yarn polypropylene (Polyacrylic, commonly known as acrylic), a fire that is curled, carbonation, then left the fire extinguished, no droplet can not afford to smoke, does not produce secondary fires.
And of course, one that is fire-retardant curtain fabric is flame-retardant material with a disposable curtains made up. Because of cost and technical reasons, is one of the more popular earlier retardant curtains, and with the improvement of people's lives and the development of technology, now a permanent fire-retardant curtains began to come out, but more and more welcomed by everyone.
Both the initial flame retardant properties without much difference, but after washing off the flame-retardant fabric flame retardant completely disappeared!
Durable and permanent flame retardant fabric fabric is mainly used to make clothing, but once retardant fabric is used in decoration, curtains, cushions and so on.
Three initial flame retardant properties without much difference, but durable flame retardant fabric fire retardant effect after washing 50 times decreased, disposable retardant fabric flame retardant disappeared completely after washing, permanent flame retardant properties after washing fabrics unchanged.
Flame retardant curtain is made of fabric curtains, curtain fabric with fire-retardant features because, to achieve fire mitigation effect was widely adopted. PRC standard GB50222-95 "architectural interior design for fire protection" provisions of decorative materials according to their performance is divided into four combustion: A level non-flammable; B1 grade flame retardant; B2 level flammability; B3 level flammability. Therefore, only a Class A and Class B1 fire retardant fabric fabrics can be called. Currently, in addition to non-textile fabrics to achieve Class A flame retardant, the flame retardant textile fabrics of the highest grade for the B1 level.
Retardant curtains, refers retardant fabric through a series of special treatment and made of fine, high flame retardant curtains. Of course, the fire-retardant curtains can also be used according to the divided permanent flame retardant fabric curtains and disposable flame retardant curtains.
Permanent flame retardant fiber woven curtains used, regardless of how many times the water, the flame retardant effect never change. In particular, the Department adopted retardant yarn polypropylene (Polyacrylic, commonly known as acrylic), a fire that is curled, carbonation, then left the fire extinguished, no droplet can not afford to smoke, does not produce secondary fires.
And of course, one that is fire-retardant curtain fabric is flame-retardant material with a disposable curtains made up. Because of cost and technical reasons, is one of the more popular earlier retardant curtains, and with the improvement of people's lives and the development of technology, now a permanent fire-retardant curtains began to come out, but more and more welcomed by everyone.
Both the initial flame retardant properties without much difference, but after washing off the flame-retardant fabric flame retardant completely disappeared!
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