Apparel made with fabric, Fire
resistant fabric material is used to make clothing. As one of the three elements of clothing, fabric can not only interpret clothing style and features, but also directly about the clothing color, the shape of the performance results.
World in the clothing, the clothing fabrics varied, with each passing day. Generally speaking, however, high-quality, high-grade fabrics, mostly have comfortable, absorbent, breathable, keeps hanging, visual elegance, soft touch, and several other aspects of the characteristics.
Modern production in the formal social occasions wearing the clothing, more choice of high-quality blended fabrics. And cotton, wool, pure silk, hemp and other natural fabrics because it had easy to fold, easy to deform and other natural fabrics shortcomings, has become a general fabrics, less as a high-end clothing materials. aramid fabrics have a natural absorbent, breathable fabric, soft and comfortable characteristics, but also absorbed the strong durable synthetic fabric, hanging crisp, shiny bright colors, etc., every year a large number of high-quality blended fabrics have been developed. Sometimes, wearing clothing made of pure leather, is also permitted.
General fabric into two series:
Woven Fabric: mainly used for clothing coat and shirt.
Knitted Fabric: mainly used for clothing underwear and sports clothing line, but due to the development of technology, but also to the heavy knitted fabrics, crisp development, gradually make the externalization of knitted underwear, knitted fabrics woven practices become coat supplement.
2013年9月29日星期日
2013年9月28日星期六
Introduction retardant overalls features and fabrics
Retardant overalls ( welding protective clothing , fire fighting service ) refers to flame or heat sources to prevent itself after being ignited, flaming combustion and smoldering protective clothing.
Retardant overalls for engaging in a fire , emitting sparks, molten metal operations and in the vicinity of flammable substances, and hazardous workplace angry when wearing. Widely used in oil , petrochemical , gas stations , chemical, fire , etc. There are a variety of clothing protection requirements of the occasion. Retardant overalls should be consistent with GB 8965.1-2009 " protective clothing flame retardant protection - Part 1 : Flame retardant clothing ", GA 10-2002 " Fire fighting protective clothing ", GA 634-2006 " firefighter thermal protective clothing ", LFY -607A thermal Protective Performance tester .
Retardant overalls by choice of flame retardant fabric can be divided into : Flame retardant cotton protective clothing , fire retardant synthetic fiber protective clothing, high temperature flame retardant protective clothing, protective clothing cotton flame retardant aluminum , insulated protective clothing , according to the specific job environment and requirements of different customers to choose and is equipped with:
First, the general can ask Optional: flame retardant cotton fabric , CVC flame retardant fabric ;
Second, the choice of mid-range requirements : C / N Cotton Nylon Fabric , clear flame retardant cotton fabric ;
Third, the high-grade Flame resistant overalls requirements Optional: flame retardant aramid fabric , aramid 3A retardant fabric ;
Fourth, there are more requirements of different industries : oil-and waterproof flame retardant fabric , flame retardant fabric anti-static , flame retardant fabrics, such as anti-arc .
The choice of fabrics and flame-retardant overalls can meet the standards to protect workers first time to evacuate combustion -site or off his burning clothes, reduce or avoid scald burns , to achieve the purpose of protection .
Retardant overalls for engaging in a fire , emitting sparks, molten metal operations and in the vicinity of flammable substances, and hazardous workplace angry when wearing. Widely used in oil , petrochemical , gas stations , chemical, fire , etc. There are a variety of clothing protection requirements of the occasion. Retardant overalls should be consistent with GB 8965.1-2009 " protective clothing flame retardant protection - Part 1 : Flame retardant clothing ", GA 10-2002 " Fire fighting protective clothing ", GA 634-2006 " firefighter thermal protective clothing ", LFY -607A thermal Protective Performance tester .
Retardant overalls by choice of flame retardant fabric can be divided into : Flame retardant cotton protective clothing , fire retardant synthetic fiber protective clothing, high temperature flame retardant protective clothing, protective clothing cotton flame retardant aluminum , insulated protective clothing , according to the specific job environment and requirements of different customers to choose and is equipped with:
First, the general can ask Optional: flame retardant cotton fabric , CVC flame retardant fabric ;
Second, the choice of mid-range requirements : C / N Cotton Nylon Fabric , clear flame retardant cotton fabric ;
Third, the high-grade Flame resistant overalls requirements Optional: flame retardant aramid fabric , aramid 3A retardant fabric ;
Fourth, there are more requirements of different industries : oil-and waterproof flame retardant fabric , flame retardant fabric anti-static , flame retardant fabrics, such as anti-arc .
The choice of fabrics and flame-retardant overalls can meet the standards to protect workers first time to evacuate combustion -site or off his burning clothes, reduce or avoid scald burns , to achieve the purpose of protection .
2013年9月27日星期五
How waterproof fabric water repellent
1 , Young's equation
Drop of liquid droplets on a solid surface , assuming ideal platform for this surface , the droplet gravity concentrated at one point, and ignore the amount of wilderness . Since the surface tension of the fiber fabric (Ys), liquid surface tension (YL) , and the interfacial tension has firmware (YLS) result of the interaction , the droplet will form a variety of shapes ( cylindrical to fully from paving ) . In addition to the night to go completely flat , the droplets on a solid surface in equilibrium , A point received scattered by gravity . [ 1 ]
Angle is called contact angle 0 , if 0 = 00, the droplets on a solid surface puping cotton , which is the solid surface is wet wild limit state ; when 0 = 1800 , the droplet is cylindrical , which is a ideal non-wetting behavior . In the water repellent finishing , the surface tension of the droplet can be considered constant. Therefore, whether wild wet the solid surface , and solid surface to have in the bank leaves late Relay tension . From the said requirements , the contact angle 0 more conducive droplets rolling loss , ie the smaller the better .
2 , fabric adhesive power
Since Ys and YLS virtually can not be measured directly, so usually the contact angle of 0 or cos0 directly assessed degree of wetting . But not wetting contact angle Yuan Ying , and actual results so some people have expressed station workman also a relationship between the interaction , and the degree of wetting parameters.
Indicates station humble workers YL and cos0 can all be measured , so style has practical meaning. Similarly, the point of the interface area of the owner of the two divided bits required when the owners committee 2YL, may be called the liquid within the bow. From the above equation , the station workman increases , the contact angle decreases , really equal cohesive consensus workman , the contact angle is zero , which is a liquid on a solid surface is completely paved , as cos0 not more than 1 , so that even stations Zhuo workers than 2YL, the contact angle remains fixed . WSL = YL, then 0 to 900 . When the contact angle is 180 ° , WSL = O, shows no viscosity between liquid and solid cloud effect , however, much less since there are some points hatchback Zhuo effect, so the contact angle of 180 ° is equal to the situation never found , too much can myopia get some circumstances, such as 160 ° or larger angles.
3 , the critical surface tension of the Waterproof Fabric
Almost since the solid surface tension can not be measured , in order to understand the wettability of the solid surface , he was the critical surface tension was measured . Although not directly critical surface tension that the surface tension of the solid , but rather that the size of Ys-YLS , it makes the wetting of the solid surface is the difficulty . However, it should
Note that the determination of the critical surface tension is a rule of thumb , and the measurement range is very narrow .
In addition to cellulose , other substances are critical surface tension of the surface tension of small taxes , so they have a certain water repellency, the largest of which eleven CF3 , a CH a minimum . Obviously, the larger the contact has a smaller delivery Desks critical surface tension of the material finishing agent who can have access to better water repellent effect .
Drop of liquid droplets on a solid surface , assuming ideal platform for this surface , the droplet gravity concentrated at one point, and ignore the amount of wilderness . Since the surface tension of the fiber fabric (Ys), liquid surface tension (YL) , and the interfacial tension has firmware (YLS) result of the interaction , the droplet will form a variety of shapes ( cylindrical to fully from paving ) . In addition to the night to go completely flat , the droplets on a solid surface in equilibrium , A point received scattered by gravity . [ 1 ]
Angle is called contact angle 0 , if 0 = 00, the droplets on a solid surface puping cotton , which is the solid surface is wet wild limit state ; when 0 = 1800 , the droplet is cylindrical , which is a ideal non-wetting behavior . In the water repellent finishing , the surface tension of the droplet can be considered constant. Therefore, whether wild wet the solid surface , and solid surface to have in the bank leaves late Relay tension . From the said requirements , the contact angle 0 more conducive droplets rolling loss , ie the smaller the better .
2 , fabric adhesive power
Since Ys and YLS virtually can not be measured directly, so usually the contact angle of 0 or cos0 directly assessed degree of wetting . But not wetting contact angle Yuan Ying , and actual results so some people have expressed station workman also a relationship between the interaction , and the degree of wetting parameters.
Indicates station humble workers YL and cos0 can all be measured , so style has practical meaning. Similarly, the point of the interface area of the owner of the two divided bits required when the owners committee 2YL, may be called the liquid within the bow. From the above equation , the station workman increases , the contact angle decreases , really equal cohesive consensus workman , the contact angle is zero , which is a liquid on a solid surface is completely paved , as cos0 not more than 1 , so that even stations Zhuo workers than 2YL, the contact angle remains fixed . WSL = YL, then 0 to 900 . When the contact angle is 180 ° , WSL = O, shows no viscosity between liquid and solid cloud effect , however, much less since there are some points hatchback Zhuo effect, so the contact angle of 180 ° is equal to the situation never found , too much can myopia get some circumstances, such as 160 ° or larger angles.
3 , the critical surface tension of the Waterproof Fabric
Almost since the solid surface tension can not be measured , in order to understand the wettability of the solid surface , he was the critical surface tension was measured . Although not directly critical surface tension that the surface tension of the solid , but rather that the size of Ys-YLS , it makes the wetting of the solid surface is the difficulty . However, it should
Note that the determination of the critical surface tension is a rule of thumb , and the measurement range is very narrow .
In addition to cellulose , other substances are critical surface tension of the surface tension of small taxes , so they have a certain water repellency, the largest of which eleven CF3 , a CH a minimum . Obviously, the larger the contact has a smaller delivery Desks critical surface tension of the material finishing agent who can have access to better water repellent effect .
2013年9月26日星期四
Classification by type of flame retardant compounds
( 1 ) inorganic Flame
retardant fabric : inorganic flame retardant main role is endothermic , the main varieties of aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide , red phosphorus , antimony oxide , molybdenum oxide , ammonium molybdate , zinc borate , zinc oxide , zirconium oxide, hydroxide, zirconium, etc. , in which aluminum hydroxide , magnesium hydroxide, red phosphorus , antimony oxide, the most widely used , in particular aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide can not only play a flame retardant , and can play the role of filling . They have good thermal stability , high efficiency , smoke suppression , resistance drops, fill safe, environmentally clean and cheap and other basic characteristics of the flame retardant material has been widely used . However, poor washability inorganic flame retardants , inorganic flame retardant because with strong hydrophilic polar , non- polar fabric with poor compatibility . Meanwhile, in order to achieve the required flame retardant , a large amount of inorganic flame retardant added , the mechanical properties of materials and processing performance impact . Therefore, the conventional ultrafine inorganic flame retardants and nano research in recent years has been unprecedented attention. In addition, to reduce the effect of the same flame retardant amount of a flame retardant compound , flame retardant research synergies , but also flame retardant research direction in recent years .
( 2 ) organic flame : organic phosphorus-based flame retardants and halogen is divided into two series . The former use is very restricted. Halogen includes chlorine and bromine flame retardants two categories. However, chlorine-based flame retardants brominated flame retardants to be better than the poor , and this is difficult to produce because of the reason of free chlorine group . In addition, as bromide, corrosive and toxic thermal decomposition is relatively small , and therefore the small amount of chloride can be achieved using the same flame-retardant effect . Therefore, use of brominated flame retardants much more common . However, the use of the total situation, halogen flame retardant due to its decomposition products containing halogen acid , smoke big , harmful , etc, are gradually being replaced by other inorganic flame retardants .
Flame retardant textile multifunctional composite fabric finishing production process
Textile flame retardant properties, three methods can be obtained . One is for flame-retardant treatment of textiles , to reach the fire retardant purposes, but the flame retardancy and washing with time gradually increase the number of weakened or disappeared. For cotton, linen, wool and other natural fibers , can only be used after finishing methods, namely by adsorption deposition, chemical bonding , van der Waals forces and non-polar bonding and so on. Another method is the direct production of flame retardant fibers , textiles made from such fibers having a permanent flame retardancy. Polyester , polyvinyl alcohol and other synthetic fibers they use this method. The third method is based on the actual needs of the production , effectively combine these two methods produce flame-retardant textiles. In addition to considering its flame retardant fabric , but also take into account the toxicity of flame retardant products and melt , so as to minimize the human and environmental damage.
( 2 ) organic flame : organic phosphorus-based flame retardants and halogen is divided into two series . The former use is very restricted. Halogen includes chlorine and bromine flame retardants two categories. However, chlorine-based flame retardants brominated flame retardants to be better than the poor , and this is difficult to produce because of the reason of free chlorine group . In addition, as bromide, corrosive and toxic thermal decomposition is relatively small , and therefore the small amount of chloride can be achieved using the same flame-retardant effect . Therefore, use of brominated flame retardants much more common . However, the use of the total situation, halogen flame retardant due to its decomposition products containing halogen acid , smoke big , harmful , etc, are gradually being replaced by other inorganic flame retardants .
Flame retardant textile multifunctional composite fabric finishing production process
Textile flame retardant properties, three methods can be obtained . One is for flame-retardant treatment of textiles , to reach the fire retardant purposes, but the flame retardancy and washing with time gradually increase the number of weakened or disappeared. For cotton, linen, wool and other natural fibers , can only be used after finishing methods, namely by adsorption deposition, chemical bonding , van der Waals forces and non-polar bonding and so on. Another method is the direct production of flame retardant fibers , textiles made from such fibers having a permanent flame retardancy. Polyester , polyvinyl alcohol and other synthetic fibers they use this method. The third method is based on the actual needs of the production , effectively combine these two methods produce flame-retardant textiles. In addition to considering its flame retardant fabric , but also take into account the toxicity of flame retardant products and melt , so as to minimize the human and environmental damage.
2013年9月25日星期三
Antistatic fabric flame retardant mechanism analysis
Antistatic fabric washing resistance mechanism molecular structure of the antistatic agent and the hydrophilic portion of the washability antistatic components for polyester fabrics processed with the hydrophilic portion derived from polyether segments , some sources washability the polyester segments and the entire polymer film. Polyester chain segment and the same molecular structure of polyester , heat treatment eutectic containing the fibers , so that greatly improved washability . The longer molecular chain , the greater the relative molecular mass , washability better. Plastic products for the use of internal addition method , as long as the hydrophilic and lipophilic groups in two parts with suitable , such as anti-static additives for plastic to maintain a certain compatibility, but also adsorption of moisture in the air , play antistatic effect. In other words , this ionic antistatic agent is not uniformly distributed inside the resin , the surface concentration is high , the internal low concentration . Antistatic effect mainly depends on the distribution of the resin surface monolayer . UV fabric with resin and curing the anti-static additives , antistatic agents are hydrophilic group are arranged toward the air side , the air moisture is adsorbed hydrophilic monomolecular conductive layer . When the friction and washing, the antistatic resin surface causes defects monolayer , the antistatic performance is reduced , since the resin molecules inside to keep the antistatic agent migrate to the surface , the surface defects in the monolayer can be added from the inside .
Antistatic properties length of time required for recovery , depending on the molecular antistatic migration velocity in the resin and an antistatic agent to be added , and the migration speed of the antistatic agent and the resin has a glass transition temperature , an antistatic agent with the resin the compatibility and antistatic agent relative molecular mass of size. In fact synthetic fabrics, plastic products have a certain insulation, any insulating material, there are two ways static leakage , a surface of an insulator , and the other is an insulator inside . Surface resistance of the former and the latter with the resistance of the body . For plastics and fabric lining , electrostatic most leaking from the surface , experiments confirmed that a similar rule also applies for the insulator .
Flame retardant mechanism of action of the mechanism is more complex, but nothing more so through chemical and physical means to achieve the purpose of cutting off the combustion cycle . Multifunctional composite fabric flame retardant plastics and synthetic fabrics in the combustion , with the carbon chain react violently with oxygen , on the one hand produces volatile organic combustible substances, but also generated a lot of very reactive hydroxyl radical HO. Free radical chain reactions that flame continue. Bromine -containing compound and antimony oxide flame retardants and peroxide radical initiator under the influence of heat promotes the generation of bromine radicals generated antimony bromide , which is a highly volatile gaseous material , not only to rapidly absorb discharged out of combustible material , dilute the concentration of flammable substances , but can also capture HO radicals and prevent combustion , retardant fabric to achieve better results.
Antistatic properties length of time required for recovery , depending on the molecular antistatic migration velocity in the resin and an antistatic agent to be added , and the migration speed of the antistatic agent and the resin has a glass transition temperature , an antistatic agent with the resin the compatibility and antistatic agent relative molecular mass of size. In fact synthetic fabrics, plastic products have a certain insulation, any insulating material, there are two ways static leakage , a surface of an insulator , and the other is an insulator inside . Surface resistance of the former and the latter with the resistance of the body . For plastics and fabric lining , electrostatic most leaking from the surface , experiments confirmed that a similar rule also applies for the insulator .
Flame retardant mechanism of action of the mechanism is more complex, but nothing more so through chemical and physical means to achieve the purpose of cutting off the combustion cycle . Multifunctional composite fabric flame retardant plastics and synthetic fabrics in the combustion , with the carbon chain react violently with oxygen , on the one hand produces volatile organic combustible substances, but also generated a lot of very reactive hydroxyl radical HO. Free radical chain reactions that flame continue. Bromine -containing compound and antimony oxide flame retardants and peroxide radical initiator under the influence of heat promotes the generation of bromine radicals generated antimony bromide , which is a highly volatile gaseous material , not only to rapidly absorb discharged out of combustible material , dilute the concentration of flammable substances , but can also capture HO radicals and prevent combustion , retardant fabric to achieve better results.
Anti-static clean fabric must have the following three characteristics
fabric itself is not dust : because it is dressed in a clean room , thus requiring cleanroom fabric can not be the source of the dust , which determines oil resistant and waterproof fabric clean synthetic fabrics can only be used to produce long fibers . The linen, cotton , silk and other natural fibers can not be applied to short- clean fabric, although these materials can make the taking of the better fabrics . Also requires the choice of synthetic filament must strictly control the amount of dust . In general, since the production of polyester matting agent added - titanium dioxide is a source of contamination . Dull polyester filament is not suitable for anti-static clean fabric weave .
2 fabrics have good dust resistance: clean indoor dust flowing mainly from indoor air and indoor activities in the human body . When the device condition is determined, that is, to improve cleanliness requirements to maximize the body produces tiny dust control in the clothes inside , let it pass through the fabric into the air. Antibacterial deodorizing fabric which is called the fabric dust rate is higher . Dust rate increase at the expense of breathable fabric for the price, knitted fabrics and therefore comparatively loose weave woven fabric is not applicable to the clean room .
3 with anti-static function : Static electricity can attract dust , and to dust adsorbed at air shower is not easy to be blown away . Therefore, the primary anti-static clean fabric characterized as having anti-static properties. antistatic fabric same time, this anti-static properties must be persistent and efficient , not because of the daily washing and friction and significant decline
2 fabrics have good dust resistance: clean indoor dust flowing mainly from indoor air and indoor activities in the human body . When the device condition is determined, that is, to improve cleanliness requirements to maximize the body produces tiny dust control in the clothes inside , let it pass through the fabric into the air. Antibacterial deodorizing fabric which is called the fabric dust rate is higher . Dust rate increase at the expense of breathable fabric for the price, knitted fabrics and therefore comparatively loose weave woven fabric is not applicable to the clean room .
3 with anti-static function : Static electricity can attract dust , and to dust adsorbed at air shower is not easy to be blown away . Therefore, the primary anti-static clean fabric characterized as having anti-static properties. antistatic fabric same time, this anti-static properties must be persistent and efficient , not because of the daily washing and friction and significant decline
2013年9月24日星期二
Retardant fabric textile tradition traditional anti-static anti- static methods
Flame retardant fabric textile tradition traditional methods antistatic antistatic processing methods are: use of antistatic fiber . Antistatic fiber has a high moisture absorption and moisture regain balance , capable of adsorbing water molecules in the air , that has good antistatic properties of textiles , which is not easy to generate static electricity , the static electricity generated on the already relatively easy escape . Applying antistatic agent. Mechanism with antistatic antistatic fiber . Stainless steel fibers . The use of metal fibers have good conductive properties make the static charge generated easily escape . UV fabric woven or organic conductive filaments embedded organic conductive staple fibers . Antistatic mechanism and stainless steel and other metal conductive fibers , similar to that played easily lead the charge dissipation effect. The organic conductive fiber , the flame retardant grade not only the conductive carbon material used Gray , but also to a metal oxide , a metal carbide conductive materials near white white or organic conductive fibers. Antistatic new technology has emerged in recent years, and the promotion of two conductive fibers can be used in textile antistatic processing . ) Silver fibers or filaments. Multi retardant composite fabric of the silver fiber has a good antibacterial effect and conductivity, and therefore contain less silver textile fibers ( about 1% ) when there is anti-bacterial and good antistatic function , if the fiber used in the silver so that in the fabric to form a conductive network structure and that this structure is relatively dense , but also has excellent electromagnetic shielding effect . For antistatic function , the conductivity of the silver fibers is good , electrostatic charge dissipation ability of the organic conductive fiber , so in general , better than the organic conductive antistatic fibers.
) Conductive polymer materials. Such as polyaniline , polypyrrole , polythiophene . These conductive polymers in recent years began to enter the engineering applications . Now conducting polymer fibers or coatings could be made , it has a lower resistivity can be used as a textile antistatic processing new materials .
) Conductive polymer materials. Such as polyaniline , polypyrrole , polythiophene . These conductive polymers in recent years began to enter the engineering applications . Now conducting polymer fibers or coatings could be made , it has a lower resistivity can be used as a textile antistatic processing new materials .
2013年9月18日星期三
Cotton flame retardant fabric principle
After immersion liquid ran over retardant fabric , flame retardant fabric formed Thalidomide shrinking body penetrate into the fibers and the gap in the amorphous region , followed by the NH3 Ammonia shrinking in the body of the pre- crosslinking by methylation in formed inside the flame-retardant polymer fibers after oxidation to stabilize .Phosphorus-containing compound so that the fibers produced during the pyrolysis dehydration reaction .
Phosphorus-containing flame retardant in the fiber pyrolysis temperature range is first broken down into non-volatile phosphoric acid or polyphosphoric acid and fiber drunk by group (-OH) dehydration reaction , the fibers charring. Ran over the flame retardant fabric soaked Ammonia process , since the cellulose phosphate formed inside dioxide / nitrogen highly crosslinked polymer , generating the PN synergy. PN bond performance ( polar ) PO bond is higher than that of phosphorus compounds react with -OH enhance performance , so generating a flame retardant properties.
The so-called " flame retardant " does not mean the fabric is treated with a flame retardant finishing after the fire is not burning properties , but to make fabric flame reduce its flammability, combustion and lower part of the area to reduce its burn rate . Be stopped after leaving the flame burning, self-extinguishing performance.
Phosphorus-containing flame retardant in the fiber pyrolysis temperature range is first broken down into non-volatile phosphoric acid or polyphosphoric acid and fiber drunk by group (-OH) dehydration reaction , the fibers charring. Ran over the flame retardant fabric soaked Ammonia process , since the cellulose phosphate formed inside dioxide / nitrogen highly crosslinked polymer , generating the PN synergy. PN bond performance ( polar ) PO bond is higher than that of phosphorus compounds react with -OH enhance performance , so generating a flame retardant properties.
The so-called " flame retardant " does not mean the fabric is treated with a flame retardant finishing after the fire is not burning properties , but to make fabric flame reduce its flammability, combustion and lower part of the area to reduce its burn rate . Be stopped after leaving the flame burning, self-extinguishing performance.
Retardant textile products taking performance and structural design problems
Retardant textile products taking performance and structural design stays in ordinary clothes levels. Although in both the fire protection performance and wearing comfort and appearance is indeed there are some technical difficulties, but in the designer's design philosophy is focused on the flame-retardant effect , there is no emphasis on comfort, clothing structure determined by the ease of use, and appearance . In fact, any one flame retardant fabric clothing , in its lifetime , the real opportunity to experience high-temperature flame is not much , but if you wear uncomfortable protective clothing, fire retardant , the user will choose not to wear , this time will cause in the event of a fire , they lost the protective role ; if we adopt coercive measures allow operators to wear uncomfortable protective clothing, will result in reduced efficiency , as well as the operator free to change the way they dress to meet the manager , and in fact still does not play the necessary protective effect. In addition , for some there is the possibility of a non- high-temperature flame encounter frontline workers ( such as department managers ) , but also need to have close to being installed in appearance , both in performance and comfort retardant clothing, in the office and workshop two kinds of workplace may wear used clothing. This fabric obstacles to the implementation of self-protection to consumers ( such as the patient , mental retardation ) is also very necessary.
2013年9月17日星期二
Antistatic Precautions wearing overalls
1 . Antistatic overalls must GB4385 prescribed anti-static shoes matching wearing.
2 . antistatic fabric clothing is prohibited to attach or wear any metal objects . Need to carry tools should have anti- static, anti- spark function ; Metal tools should be placed in anti-static overalls Obi is prohibited exposed metal parts .
3 . Prohibited in flammable and explosive places anti-static overalls to wear off .
4 . Strong electromagnetic environment in or near high voltage bare areas , can not wear anti- static clothing.
2 . antistatic fabric clothing is prohibited to attach or wear any metal objects . Need to carry tools should have anti- static, anti- spark function ; Metal tools should be placed in anti-static overalls Obi is prohibited exposed metal parts .
3 . Prohibited in flammable and explosive places anti-static overalls to wear off .
4 . Strong electromagnetic environment in or near high voltage bare areas , can not wear anti- static clothing.
2013年9月16日星期一
Learn about the types of fireproof
GBF Basalt fiber fire proof fabric is a series of 7 ~ 9μm basalt fiber spun yarn weaving , in which there are plain weave fabric and satin cloth, etc. , the high temperature, non-toxic coating disposed of. It is used as a lining to avoid the fire protective clothing , fire retardant , heat insulation and fire curtain fabrics best fire information . Because of its non-flammable , high temperature , non- toxic gas emissions , thermal insulation , and no melting or dripping , high strength , non- shrinking appearance and other advantages , and thus , it Kavlar, Nomex, Teflon and other strong aramid fibers instead of fire product.
Fireproof product application : suitable for shipbuilding, large steel and electricity on-site repair of welding, gas cutting protective equipment textile, chemical, metallurgy , theaters , military and other ventilation and fire protection products . Fire helmet , neck guard fabrics. Basalt fiber fireproof non-combustible materials, at 1000 ℃ flame effects , no distortion, no burst of fire in one hour or more. In moist, vapors, fumes , gases containing chemical environment play a protective effect. Also applies to the refuge fire service, fire separation curtains, fire blankets , fire package , welding, fireproof walls and so on. Acrylic fiber fireproof modify this section is optional special acrylic fiber fireproof fabric fiber technology pack
Material: made of special fireproof fabric specially processed.
Features: extinguish the fire source , to avoid sparks splashing.
Use: can be placed in the kitchen , living room, bedroom, hospital , hotel and other occasions to prepare for imminent extinguish the fire source, the use of agile escape ; and used for welding , cutting and other flammable items around the construction site of its cover-up blocking other modifications to this paragraph type fireproof
NOMEX fireproof : The main product has permanent anti -static fabrics ; Full Channel electromagnetic shielding fabric ; temperature 200c-1200c fireproof cloth , carpets, curtains , paper items ; SM Fireproof : fireproof high temperatures. Welding gear available to spend , do the fire was , soft and hard pipe insulation, heater cover , etc. from the fire insulation effect ;
Blue fiberglass fireproof : blue fiberglass fireproof , fire shutter embellishment for use . Temperature fire ; fireproof aluminum foil : Aluminum foil fireproof fireproof fabric has the usual features , there are anti- radiation effect . Temperature 350.550.1050 .
Fireproof product application : suitable for shipbuilding, large steel and electricity on-site repair of welding, gas cutting protective equipment textile, chemical, metallurgy , theaters , military and other ventilation and fire protection products . Fire helmet , neck guard fabrics. Basalt fiber fireproof non-combustible materials, at 1000 ℃ flame effects , no distortion, no burst of fire in one hour or more. In moist, vapors, fumes , gases containing chemical environment play a protective effect. Also applies to the refuge fire service, fire separation curtains, fire blankets , fire package , welding, fireproof walls and so on. Acrylic fiber fireproof modify this section is optional special acrylic fiber fireproof fabric fiber technology pack
Material: made of special fireproof fabric specially processed.
Features: extinguish the fire source , to avoid sparks splashing.
Use: can be placed in the kitchen , living room, bedroom, hospital , hotel and other occasions to prepare for imminent extinguish the fire source, the use of agile escape ; and used for welding , cutting and other flammable items around the construction site of its cover-up blocking other modifications to this paragraph type fireproof
NOMEX fireproof : The main product has permanent anti -static fabrics ; Full Channel electromagnetic shielding fabric ; temperature 200c-1200c fireproof cloth , carpets, curtains , paper items ; SM Fireproof : fireproof high temperatures. Welding gear available to spend , do the fire was , soft and hard pipe insulation, heater cover , etc. from the fire insulation effect ;
Blue fiberglass fireproof : blue fiberglass fireproof , fire shutter embellishment for use . Temperature fire ; fireproof aluminum foil : Aluminum foil fireproof fireproof fabric has the usual features , there are anti- radiation effect . Temperature 350.550.1050 .
2013年9月14日星期六
Why is fire retardant fabric fire retardant
fire proof fabric , also commonly known as fire-retardant fabric is a textile fabric is more fire-resistant than other ordinary number . The reason why is because the fabric fireproof fire through its fiber or chemical finishing , because some fibers are specialized refractory .
Important to note is the " fire " and " flame " means " fire " Despite these fabrics burning rate than other fabrics have a slow process , but it is still able to burn up . In addition, if they are exposed to a sufficiently long period of time, such as fire and high temperature is also likely to be damaged . The purpose of these fabrics is to reduce the spread of fire , the fabric itself does not save .
Flame Retardant Fabric can use natural fibers to create fabric fireproof fabric . Cotton , for example , you can use a chemical substance , reducing its flammability. With the fabric , tar and gases naturally occurring chemical reaction , is applied topically to reduce the flammability of the fabric . Of course, these tar and gas chemical reactions , which can cause the fabric char , rather than burn.
Important to note is the " fire " and " flame " means " fire " Despite these fabrics burning rate than other fabrics have a slow process , but it is still able to burn up . In addition, if they are exposed to a sufficiently long period of time, such as fire and high temperature is also likely to be damaged . The purpose of these fabrics is to reduce the spread of fire , the fabric itself does not save .
Flame Retardant Fabric can use natural fibers to create fabric fireproof fabric . Cotton , for example , you can use a chemical substance , reducing its flammability. With the fabric , tar and gases naturally occurring chemical reaction , is applied topically to reduce the flammability of the fabric . Of course, these tar and gas chemical reactions , which can cause the fabric char , rather than burn.
2013年9月12日星期四
Antistatic overalls structure, washing, transport
Antistatic overalls Washing:
Antistatic overalls best use neutral detergent, do not wash with other clothing shuffling, using hand or washing machine soft wash program, in order to avoid conductive fiber breakage. Wash water temperature should be below 40 ℃, rinse with water at room temperature. Washing time as short as possible, but must be rinsed thoroughly to remove residual detergent. Both flame retardant, anti-static overalls oil performance, do not use bleach, organic solvents decontamination.
Antistatic overalls Transportation:
In transit should be noted that the above must have anti-static overalls covering not damage the packaging, to prevent the sun and exposure to high temperatures; handling process strictly prohibited to use crochet drag.
Antistatic overalls should be stored in dry and ventilated warehouse, to prevent spoilage or deterioration. Storage, more than 200mm off the ground and walls, leaving everything to heat more than 1m. Avoid direct sunlight, non-open place.
Antistatic knitted wool packing, storage to be added the right amount of decay agent.
Antistatic overalls structure:
Clothing production structure that directly affect their anti-static effect, therefore, antistatic fabric overalls design must ensure that:
1. Do not use metal garment accessories in general, you must use metal buttons, zippers, should strictly ensure that when wearing metal accessories are not directly exposed to avoid discharge sparks, fire, explosion.
2. All clothing should use anti-static fabric, do not use lining. You must use the lining (pocket, reinforced cloth, etc.), the exposed area should be less than full lining anti-static clothing exposed area within less than 20%; winter clothes or other special requirements for anti-static clothing, lining exposed area within over all anti-static clothing exposed area of 20%, should be made of the mask with detachable lining.
Antistatic overalls best use neutral detergent, do not wash with other clothing shuffling, using hand or washing machine soft wash program, in order to avoid conductive fiber breakage. Wash water temperature should be below 40 ℃, rinse with water at room temperature. Washing time as short as possible, but must be rinsed thoroughly to remove residual detergent. Both flame retardant, anti-static overalls oil performance, do not use bleach, organic solvents decontamination.
Antistatic overalls Transportation:
In transit should be noted that the above must have anti-static overalls covering not damage the packaging, to prevent the sun and exposure to high temperatures; handling process strictly prohibited to use crochet drag.
Antistatic overalls should be stored in dry and ventilated warehouse, to prevent spoilage or deterioration. Storage, more than 200mm off the ground and walls, leaving everything to heat more than 1m. Avoid direct sunlight, non-open place.
Antistatic knitted wool packing, storage to be added the right amount of decay agent.
Antistatic overalls structure:
Clothing production structure that directly affect their anti-static effect, therefore, antistatic fabric overalls design must ensure that:
1. Do not use metal garment accessories in general, you must use metal buttons, zippers, should strictly ensure that when wearing metal accessories are not directly exposed to avoid discharge sparks, fire, explosion.
2. All clothing should use anti-static fabric, do not use lining. You must use the lining (pocket, reinforced cloth, etc.), the exposed area should be less than full lining anti-static clothing exposed area within less than 20%; winter clothes or other special requirements for anti-static clothing, lining exposed area within over all anti-static clothing exposed area of 20%, should be made of the mask with detachable lining.
How to identify qualified anti-static overalls
How to identify qualified antistatic fabric overalls - qualified anti-static overalls, each product must be marked with the manufacturer's name (or factory mark), site, product names, trademarks, shape specifications, product grade, date of production; per pack shall specify the number, the product name, model number, grade, production units, date of manufacture, together with the product instructions. Product specification level should be anti-static performance grades, A or B grade.
Implementation of the special labor protection supplies safety signs, requested in the apparent position of Gasch durable special labor protection supplies safety signs.
Antistatic overalls place primarily for fire and explosion hazards. The gas explosion hazard criteria of explosive substances by frequency of occurrence, duration and degree of risk is divided into:
0 Area: Under normal circumstances, an explosive gas mixture continuously, frequently appear short or long existing sites.
1 Area: Under normal circumstances, explosive gas mixtures are possible places.
Zone 2: Under normal circumstances, explosive gas mixtures can not occur only in abnormal circumstances arise occasionally place a short time.
Of a gas explosion hazardous areas zone 0, a region, and the minimum ignition energy of combustible materials in 0.25mJ less, shall be equipped with anti-static overalls. Common minimum ignition energy 0.25mJ a combustible hydrocarbon fuel alkoxy C, acrylonitrile, diethyl ether, hydrogen, carbon disulfide, furan, benzene, methanol. In the "labor protective equipment selection rules", the requirements of Class A01 explosive workplaces must be equipped with anti-static overalls; A02 class combustible dust job, you can use anti-static overalls. Also requires gas station operator, liquefied petroleum gas cans and similar types of workers, must be equipped with anti-static overalls.
Implementation of the special labor protection supplies safety signs, requested in the apparent position of Gasch durable special labor protection supplies safety signs.
Antistatic overalls place primarily for fire and explosion hazards. The gas explosion hazard criteria of explosive substances by frequency of occurrence, duration and degree of risk is divided into:
0 Area: Under normal circumstances, an explosive gas mixture continuously, frequently appear short or long existing sites.
1 Area: Under normal circumstances, explosive gas mixtures are possible places.
Zone 2: Under normal circumstances, explosive gas mixtures can not occur only in abnormal circumstances arise occasionally place a short time.
Of a gas explosion hazardous areas zone 0, a region, and the minimum ignition energy of combustible materials in 0.25mJ less, shall be equipped with anti-static overalls. Common minimum ignition energy 0.25mJ a combustible hydrocarbon fuel alkoxy C, acrylonitrile, diethyl ether, hydrogen, carbon disulfide, furan, benzene, methanol. In the "labor protective equipment selection rules", the requirements of Class A01 explosive workplaces must be equipped with anti-static overalls; A02 class combustible dust job, you can use anti-static overalls. Also requires gas station operator, liquefied petroleum gas cans and similar types of workers, must be equipped with anti-static overalls.
2013年9月9日星期一
General requirements for protective clothing and equipment
The role of labor protective equipment (PPE short), is the use of a certain shield, filter body, lace or a floating body, take deadening, sealing, absorption, dispersion, suspension and other means. Partial protection of persons from foreign body against. Therefore, protective equipment must be strictly quality assurance, be safe and reliable, and to wear comfortable and convenient, economical and durable, does not affect the work efficiency.
Various types of labor protection products are associated with the lives and safety of workers and physical health is closely related to labor protection products in the design and production, should strictly abide by the following principles.
① PPE should wear comfortable, easy to operate, to meet the protection conditions, try to make it look beautiful and generous.
② labor supplies must be of high quality raw materials production, its quality must conform to national or local technical (product) standards.
③ labor supplies itself, without prejudice to the wearer's body organs on labor protection products to product quality indicators and technical conditions, the state established the relevant standard.
For special protective clothing, are yet to national technical (product) standards. Out of executing the corresponding local technical (product) standards.
In the protective suits, the most common is the clothing against mechanical trauma, mainly from the shielding effect. National standards in the structural design as much as possible to avoid loose parts, and achieve the "three tight" (neckline tight, tight hem, cuffs or Kujiao tight) to twist scratch damage. Meanwhile, the required clothing fabrics must have a certain abrasion resistance, breaking strength and tear strength and other major mechanical properties. Clothing suture site can withstand a certain tension, tensile load imposed 29. 4N (3kgf), the suture site should be no off-line, break phenomenon. Protective clothing for special purposes, such as anti-static, anti-acid, fire-retardant and insulating clothing. In addition to meeting the above technical requirements, but also meet their special protection appropriate technology (product) standards.
Various types of labor protection products are associated with the lives and safety of workers and physical health is closely related to labor protection products in the design and production, should strictly abide by the following principles.
① PPE should wear comfortable, easy to operate, to meet the protection conditions, try to make it look beautiful and generous.
② labor supplies must be of high quality raw materials production, its quality must conform to national or local technical (product) standards.
③ labor supplies itself, without prejudice to the wearer's body organs on labor protection products to product quality indicators and technical conditions, the state established the relevant standard.
For special protective clothing, are yet to national technical (product) standards. Out of executing the corresponding local technical (product) standards.
In the protective suits, the most common is the clothing against mechanical trauma, mainly from the shielding effect. National standards in the structural design as much as possible to avoid loose parts, and achieve the "three tight" (neckline tight, tight hem, cuffs or Kujiao tight) to twist scratch damage. Meanwhile, the required clothing fabrics must have a certain abrasion resistance, breaking strength and tear strength and other major mechanical properties. Clothing suture site can withstand a certain tension, tensile load imposed 29. 4N (3kgf), the suture site should be no off-line, break phenomenon. Protective clothing for special purposes, such as anti-static, anti-acid, fire-retardant and insulating clothing. In addition to meeting the above technical requirements, but also meet their special protection appropriate technology (product) standards.
High operating safety harness required
Helmets, safety belts (rope), high operating safety net is called "Sambo", to protect personal safety, has played an important role.
1. Helmet
Helmet is to avoid or reduce side from falling objects and flying objects on the head or cause harm to the individual protective equipment.
Mainly by the cap shell helmet and cap liner composed of two parts, the material mostly plastic, rubber, metal and plant strips. National Standard GB 2811-1988 were provided. Before each use, be sure to check helmets for cracks, bumps or uneven marks, wear, etc.; using a helmet, be sure to wear positive; chinstrap must be fastened; Do not order in cap shell breathable casual openings are not free throw touch helmets.
Helmets should not be placed in an acid, alkali and high temperature, sunlight and other places, but can not and hard objects together. Survived a strong impact of the helmet should be scrapped, can not continue to be used.
2. Seat belt (rope)
protective suits effect of seat belts is through the worker's body harness binding on fixed object to prevent worker injuries caused by falling accidentally.
Mainly by the band belts, ropes, metal parts of three parts. For ease of operation and long life, safety belt use materials with light weight, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, low water absorption and adaptation to wide range of temperature and other characteristics. China's current standards for safety belts with Nylon, vinylon, silk for rope. There are all kinds of metal accessories hooks, rings, clips, etc., generally use ordinary carbon steel and aluminum plate punching.
Many different types of seat belts, according to the functions and attributes of classification, can be divided into job classes around the pole, hanging job classes, climbing job class three categories. By use classification, electricians, telecommunications engineering, aerial, scaffolders, railroad dispatcher seat belts and fire belts and so on.
Use seat belts must be careful, must be based on the intended use of different workers, choose a quality certificate.
When used, should master the correct way: Should the level of tied hanging; hung low; seat belt before each use to make a visual inspection; use hooks, rings must be linked to prison, be sure to fasten the clip; safe With use, pay attention to the conservation and preservation.
3. Safety Net
Safety net is used to prevent people from falling down or to avoid, mitigate against objects falling and injury nets.
Safety nets generally mesh, side ropes, tethers, testing rope, rope tendons and other components. Safety nets can be divided into two types of flat screen and Legislative Network: Installation is not perpendicular to the horizontal plane of said flat net; mounting plane perpendicular to the horizontal plane, said Legislative Network.
In the selection and use of safety nets, pay attention to the model selected and installed by a specially trained person. Safety nets installed, you must pass the inspection by security personnel before use, when used, should avoid the following phenomena: the net dragged over rough surfaces or sharp edges or under the net in the net accumulation of goods, people jump or heavy cast into the net, a lot of welding or other spark off the network, the network is surrounded by smoke and other serious acid.
On the use of the safety net periodic inspection at least once a week, when subjected to greater impact, it is best to check or replace the network. Use online process must regularly clean litter, maintaining network face clean. Rope must ensure that the test is always worn in online and offline use, the test must be carried out every three months rope strength test. Do not remove the safety net. Safety nets must be kept by hand, release.
1. Helmet
Helmet is to avoid or reduce side from falling objects and flying objects on the head or cause harm to the individual protective equipment.
Mainly by the cap shell helmet and cap liner composed of two parts, the material mostly plastic, rubber, metal and plant strips. National Standard GB 2811-1988 were provided. Before each use, be sure to check helmets for cracks, bumps or uneven marks, wear, etc.; using a helmet, be sure to wear positive; chinstrap must be fastened; Do not order in cap shell breathable casual openings are not free throw touch helmets.
Helmets should not be placed in an acid, alkali and high temperature, sunlight and other places, but can not and hard objects together. Survived a strong impact of the helmet should be scrapped, can not continue to be used.
2. Seat belt (rope)
protective suits effect of seat belts is through the worker's body harness binding on fixed object to prevent worker injuries caused by falling accidentally.
Mainly by the band belts, ropes, metal parts of three parts. For ease of operation and long life, safety belt use materials with light weight, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, low water absorption and adaptation to wide range of temperature and other characteristics. China's current standards for safety belts with Nylon, vinylon, silk for rope. There are all kinds of metal accessories hooks, rings, clips, etc., generally use ordinary carbon steel and aluminum plate punching.
Many different types of seat belts, according to the functions and attributes of classification, can be divided into job classes around the pole, hanging job classes, climbing job class three categories. By use classification, electricians, telecommunications engineering, aerial, scaffolders, railroad dispatcher seat belts and fire belts and so on.
Use seat belts must be careful, must be based on the intended use of different workers, choose a quality certificate.
When used, should master the correct way: Should the level of tied hanging; hung low; seat belt before each use to make a visual inspection; use hooks, rings must be linked to prison, be sure to fasten the clip; safe With use, pay attention to the conservation and preservation.
3. Safety Net
Safety net is used to prevent people from falling down or to avoid, mitigate against objects falling and injury nets.
Safety nets generally mesh, side ropes, tethers, testing rope, rope tendons and other components. Safety nets can be divided into two types of flat screen and Legislative Network: Installation is not perpendicular to the horizontal plane of said flat net; mounting plane perpendicular to the horizontal plane, said Legislative Network.
In the selection and use of safety nets, pay attention to the model selected and installed by a specially trained person. Safety nets installed, you must pass the inspection by security personnel before use, when used, should avoid the following phenomena: the net dragged over rough surfaces or sharp edges or under the net in the net accumulation of goods, people jump or heavy cast into the net, a lot of welding or other spark off the network, the network is surrounded by smoke and other serious acid.
On the use of the safety net periodic inspection at least once a week, when subjected to greater impact, it is best to check or replace the network. Use online process must regularly clean litter, maintaining network face clean. Rope must ensure that the test is always worn in online and offline use, the test must be carried out every three months rope strength test. Do not remove the safety net. Safety nets must be kept by hand, release.
2013年9月6日星期五
Retardant fabric textile safety knowledge
First, the color fastness
Color fastness is good or bad , directly related to human health and safety , flame retardant fabric grade color fastness bad products while wearing process, encountered rain , sweat , and its fabric dyes or pigments may be dissolved in rain and sweat , then dye or pigment molecules and heavy metal ions are likely to be absorbed through the skin , will make people feel the clothes and body parts in contact itching, severe cases will play erythema, papules , etc., can cause contact dermatitis, thereby endangering human health of the skin , therefore , water stains , perspiration ( acid / alkaline ) , rubbing ( dry / wet ) this three color fastness and human use of textiles and clothing worn or directly related . For infant clothing, but also examine saliva fastness, because infants are sucking and chewing clothing or articles tendencies, and human saliva contains a variety of chemical substances may be on clothing or other items or other dyes peeling or decomposition of harmful substances , if the project failed would make dyes and heavy metal ions lead to harmful substances in the body through the mouth and into the infant , thereby causing harm to their health .
Two , pH,
Most consumers concerned about food - milk melamine content exceeded, fire-retardant composite fabric versatile living - bedroom decoration excessive levels of formaldehyde , the line - car exhaust exceeded, but few people think about every day and we are in close contact clothing and wear - there are residues of harmful substances . Consumers even if they know apparel formaldehyde content is limited, but does not think there will be pH clothing restrictions , there will be control of the pH indicator !
We know that the pH is pH level of quantification that is used to indicate relative acidity . pH is 0 which means that the solution tends to be more acidic the contrary , tends to be more stronger alkaline solution 14 that , at room temperature , pH = "7 solution of a neutral solution . human skin was slightly acidic (pH value of the medium at between 5.5 and 6.5 ) to ensure the balance of resident bacteria to prevent the intrusion of pathogens . Similarly , also a pH value clothing , apparel slightly acidic and neutral pH value of the area in favor of the protection of the human body ; If the garment improper pH will cause the skin 's natural barrier surface destruction and stimulate the skin , bacteria, cause disease. accordance with the national mandatory standards "National safety Technical Code for textile Products " requirement , infant supplies (A class products ) and direct contact with the skin products (B products ) pH of 4.0 to 7.5, non- direct contact with the skin products (C products ) pH of 4.0 to 9.0 , according to my testing center testing data, there are pH values up to 9.9 products .
Why is there acid improper clothing it ? None of textiles in China before the pH value of the assessment indicators , companies do not give attention to this indicator . The clothing used in the dyeing and finishing fabrics need to use a variety of dyes and auxiliaries , if inadequate washing after dyeing and finishing factory for drying ; neutralize or failing to take certain measures ; late lack of appropriate means of detection, this is bound to caused by improper pH of textiles .
How consumers against excessive pH value clothing against it ? Buy clothes, do not believe in "a look at two smell " the old way, because this way , pH value is exceeded is difficult to find , but to focus the color of clothing , style , texture, price , but also pay attention safety clothing ; possible to buy the regular manufacturers of products , and in the instructions for use annotation technical specifications consistent with national security products ; necessary request to the dealer test report to see if it meets the relevant provisions of the State ; for washable clothing, especially infants clothing before wearing soaking and rinsing , washing method can greatly improve clothing pH.
Color fastness is good or bad , directly related to human health and safety , flame retardant fabric grade color fastness bad products while wearing process, encountered rain , sweat , and its fabric dyes or pigments may be dissolved in rain and sweat , then dye or pigment molecules and heavy metal ions are likely to be absorbed through the skin , will make people feel the clothes and body parts in contact itching, severe cases will play erythema, papules , etc., can cause contact dermatitis, thereby endangering human health of the skin , therefore , water stains , perspiration ( acid / alkaline ) , rubbing ( dry / wet ) this three color fastness and human use of textiles and clothing worn or directly related . For infant clothing, but also examine saliva fastness, because infants are sucking and chewing clothing or articles tendencies, and human saliva contains a variety of chemical substances may be on clothing or other items or other dyes peeling or decomposition of harmful substances , if the project failed would make dyes and heavy metal ions lead to harmful substances in the body through the mouth and into the infant , thereby causing harm to their health .
Two , pH,
Most consumers concerned about food - milk melamine content exceeded, fire-retardant composite fabric versatile living - bedroom decoration excessive levels of formaldehyde , the line - car exhaust exceeded, but few people think about every day and we are in close contact clothing and wear - there are residues of harmful substances . Consumers even if they know apparel formaldehyde content is limited, but does not think there will be pH clothing restrictions , there will be control of the pH indicator !
We know that the pH is pH level of quantification that is used to indicate relative acidity . pH is 0 which means that the solution tends to be more acidic the contrary , tends to be more stronger alkaline solution 14 that , at room temperature , pH = "7 solution of a neutral solution . human skin was slightly acidic (pH value of the medium at between 5.5 and 6.5 ) to ensure the balance of resident bacteria to prevent the intrusion of pathogens . Similarly , also a pH value clothing , apparel slightly acidic and neutral pH value of the area in favor of the protection of the human body ; If the garment improper pH will cause the skin 's natural barrier surface destruction and stimulate the skin , bacteria, cause disease. accordance with the national mandatory standards "National safety Technical Code for textile Products " requirement , infant supplies (A class products ) and direct contact with the skin products (B products ) pH of 4.0 to 7.5, non- direct contact with the skin products (C products ) pH of 4.0 to 9.0 , according to my testing center testing data, there are pH values up to 9.9 products .
Why is there acid improper clothing it ? None of textiles in China before the pH value of the assessment indicators , companies do not give attention to this indicator . The clothing used in the dyeing and finishing fabrics need to use a variety of dyes and auxiliaries , if inadequate washing after dyeing and finishing factory for drying ; neutralize or failing to take certain measures ; late lack of appropriate means of detection, this is bound to caused by improper pH of textiles .
How consumers against excessive pH value clothing against it ? Buy clothes, do not believe in "a look at two smell " the old way, because this way , pH value is exceeded is difficult to find , but to focus the color of clothing , style , texture, price , but also pay attention safety clothing ; possible to buy the regular manufacturers of products , and in the instructions for use annotation technical specifications consistent with national security products ; necessary request to the dealer test report to see if it meets the relevant provisions of the State ; for washable clothing, especially infants clothing before wearing soaking and rinsing , washing method can greatly improve clothing pH.
Retardant fabric finishing technology and progress
A wide variety of flame retardants , classification methods also have a variety . Retardant elements according contained classified into halogen-containing flame retardants, phosphorus-containing flame retardants, nitrogen-containing flame retardants ; according to the use of flame retardants and polymers in the presence of form, divided into additive and response type ; press were divided into non- durable flame retardant fabric flame retardant durable , semi-durable flame retardant , durable flame retardant three kinds ; according to types of compounds can be divided into organic and inorganic flame retardant agent. The following describes the method of classification according to the latter two flame retardants .
1.1 Classification according to durability of the fabric
( 1 ) Non- durable flame retardant : flame retardant , also known as temporary , most of the water-soluble ( or emulsion ) inorganic salts. When the first water-soluble flame retardant treatment , drying the impregnated fabric can be used ; also has two bath padding , and the second bath with ammonia or soda , the oxide is deposited on the fabric. This method is simple , cheap, but fabric feel poor, flame-retardant effect after washing fall significantly. Is used in disposable protective clothing .
( 2 ) semi-durable flame retardant : flame retardant fabric manufacturers use this process retardant textile processing capability of 1 to 10 times a mild detergent , but not high temperature soaping . The method has urea phosphate method ( usually called Banflam France ) , urinary phosphate ester method , ammonium a hydroxymethyl ammonium cyanide - A vinegar solution method .
( 3 ) durable flame retardant : inside the fiber by chemical polymerization or condensation reaction of the surface , to form a water-insoluble polymer , generally require more than 30 times washing level . The law mainly Ciba (CP) method and the Proban France . CP France by the Swiss company Ciba creation process is easy to implement the Act , flame-retardant effect is remarkable ; drawback is the larger fabric strength loss , a greater impact on performance apparel . Proban France Aube Lai Yiwei Wilson Limited by British creation, the Act of fabric finishing , flame-retardant effect is good , especially the treated fabric texture and strength retention is unmatched by any other finishing method , but this method is compared with the risk big , serious environmental pollution , thus promoting restricted.
2.2 Classification by type of flame retardant compounds
( 1 ) inorganic flame retardants : inorganic flame retardant main role is endothermic , the main varieties of aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide , red phosphorus , antimony oxide , molybdenum oxide , ammonium molybdate , zinc borate , zinc oxide , zirconium oxide, hydroxide, zirconium, etc. , in which aluminum hydroxide , magnesium hydroxide, red phosphorus , antimony oxide, the most widely used , in particular aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide can not only play a flame retardant , and can play the role of filling . They have good thermal stability , high efficiency , smoke suppression , resistance drops, fill safe, environmentally clean and cheap and other basic characteristics of the flame retardant material has been widely used . However, poor washability inorganic flame retardants , inorganic flame retardant because with strong hydrophilic polar , non- polar fabric with poor compatibility . Meanwhile, in order to achieve the required flame retardant , a large amount of inorganic flame retardant added , the mechanical properties of materials and processing performance impact . Therefore, the conventional ultrafine inorganic flame retardants and nano research in recent years has been unprecedented attention. In addition, to reduce the effect of the same flame retardant amount of a flame retardant compound , flame retardant research synergies , but also flame retardant research direction in recent years .
( 2 ) organic flame : organic phosphorus-based flame retardants and halogen is divided into two series . The former use is very restricted. Halogenated flame retardants include two major categories of chlorine and bromine . However, chlorine-based flame retardants brominated flame retardants to be better than the poor , and this is difficult to produce because of the reason of free chlorine group . In addition, as bromide, corrosive and toxic thermal decomposition is relatively small , and therefore the small amount of chloride can be achieved using the same flame-retardant effect . Therefore, use of brominated flame retardants much more common . However, the use of the total situation, halogen flame retardant due to its decomposition products containing halogen acid , smoke big , harmful , etc, are gradually being replaced by other inorganic flame retardants .
3.1 Multifunctional composite fabric flame retardant textile finishing production process
Textile flame retardant properties, three methods can be obtained . One is for flame-retardant treatment of textiles , to reach the fire retardant purposes, but the flame retardancy and washing with time gradually increase the number of weakened or disappeared. For cotton, linen, wool and other natural fibers , can only be used after finishing methods, namely by adsorption deposition, chemical bonding , van der Waals forces and non-polar bonding and so on. Another method is the direct production of flame retardant fibers , textiles made from such fibers having a permanent flame retardancy. Polyester , polyvinyl alcohol and other synthetic fibers they use this method. The third method is based on the actual needs of the production , effectively combine these two methods produce flame-retardant textiles. In addition to considering its flame retardant fabric , but also take into account the toxicity of flame retardant products and melt , so as to minimize the human and environmental damage.
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1 ) flame retardant fiber production process
There are fire-retardant fiber manufacturing coating, blending , and graft copolymerization modification method and core-sheath composite spinning method . Coating method is a fiber made of a flame retardant used in the production process or its physical adsorption or chemical binding , the flame attached to the flame-retardant fiber to achieve the purpose of the method . However, moisture can lead to physical adsorption , toxicity and other issues, it will cause fabrics chemisorption strength decreased , feel hard and other defects. And this fire-retardant treatment method limited scope depends on the skills and finishing plant , the treatment effect instability, poor durability . This method is generally used for natural fiber fabrics and synthetic blended fabric with flame processing, can also be used for pure polyester , polyacrylonitrile fabric processing , but the application is not common. Blending the spinning slice that is added during the manufacturing process or the flame retardant was added to a melt spinning method to obtain flame retardant fiber . To produce a flame retardant polypropylene fiber , the addition of flame retardants , there are two methods : ① Full Granulation : the polypropylene , flame retardants , stabilizers were blended , and extrusion granulation . Pellets with this spinning , flame retardant properties can be obtained with polypropylene fibers. ② masterbatch method: flame retardants, carrier , stabilizer were blended granulation, which is masterbatch pellets . Spinning , the polypropylene masterbatch certain proportion slices mixed, and spun to obtain a flame retardant polypropylene fiber . This method uses the more common , reducing the spinning temperature , to improve the spinnability of the polypropylene , the yarn strength, elongation qualities such little effect . Copolymerization polymer that is added during polymerization of the monomer in a flame retardant obtained by copolymerizing a molecular chain containing fire retardant chemicals unit slice spinning method . Modified polymers using this method , durable flame retardancy . This method is mainly used for addition polymerization type ( polyacrylonitrile ) and polycondensation type ( polyester, polyamide ) . Graft modification method is to use radiant heat , high-energy electron beam or chemical initiator of the fiber and flame retardant monomer graft copolymerization, to obtain effective and lasting flame retardant modified method . Fire retardant and flame retardant modified fiber grafting monomer graft copolymerization retardant elements and relevant parts . The flame-retardant sheath-core composite spinning method for modifying the application is not common , primarily because of the need complicated spinning apparatus . In recent years, composite flame retardant polyester fiber spinning method , the use of skin - core structure , that is, or add a flame retardant copolymer polyester core common polyester composite spun from the cortex . This is to prevent premature decomposition of halogenated flame retardants affect hydrogen halide leave the flame retardant effect, and also prevents certain shortcomings of phosphorus flame retardants are not high temperature , but also to maintain the original appearance of the fibers , whiteness and dyeability .
( 2 ) Flame Retardant three anti-cloth textile production process
Retardant fabric finishing process are the following .
a. Padding baking France
This method is the most widely used method of flame-retardant finishing one , the process is : padding - pre-baking - baking - post-processing.
It is a flame retardant solution dipping solution , suitable flame retardant finishing cellulosic fabrics .
b. impregnation drying method
Process: dipping - drying - post-processing.
It is immersed in liquid flame retardant fabric placed a certain time , remove the drying can sometimes be flame retardant finishing and dyeing processes simultaneously.
c. coating method
It is mixed with a flame retardant resin processed within . According to the type of mechanical equipment, blade coating method, casting coating method and a calender coating method . Different products using different processing methods.
Blade coating method: slurry mixed with the flame retardant coating with a doctor blade directly on the fabric . Mostly made of fire retardant solution or emulsion after the first application .
Casting coating method : pressure cast film is attached to the polymer fabric. For high levels of flame retardants and civil supplies a large curtain .
Calender coating method: the polymer film formed on the calender , and then laminated with the fabric , generally polyvinyl chloride resin , polyvinylidene chloride resin and a copolymer resin and a flame retardant such mixing . The tabernacle of the flame retardant finishing works mainly use this method.
d. spray
Who can not use common equipment for processing thick curtain, large carpets and other goods , can do it manually in the final step of spraying a flame retardant finishing . For the bulkiness surface pattern, tufted pile fabric fluff , if padding pattern hair will damage the surface , it is generally a continuous spray .
e. organic solvent
The flame retardants with organic matter dissolved , and then flame retardant finishing . It can shorten the time order , during operation , the solvent should be noted that the toxicity and flammability .
1.1 Classification according to durability of the fabric
( 1 ) Non- durable flame retardant : flame retardant , also known as temporary , most of the water-soluble ( or emulsion ) inorganic salts. When the first water-soluble flame retardant treatment , drying the impregnated fabric can be used ; also has two bath padding , and the second bath with ammonia or soda , the oxide is deposited on the fabric. This method is simple , cheap, but fabric feel poor, flame-retardant effect after washing fall significantly. Is used in disposable protective clothing .
( 2 ) semi-durable flame retardant : flame retardant fabric manufacturers use this process retardant textile processing capability of 1 to 10 times a mild detergent , but not high temperature soaping . The method has urea phosphate method ( usually called Banflam France ) , urinary phosphate ester method , ammonium a hydroxymethyl ammonium cyanide - A vinegar solution method .
( 3 ) durable flame retardant : inside the fiber by chemical polymerization or condensation reaction of the surface , to form a water-insoluble polymer , generally require more than 30 times washing level . The law mainly Ciba (CP) method and the Proban France . CP France by the Swiss company Ciba creation process is easy to implement the Act , flame-retardant effect is remarkable ; drawback is the larger fabric strength loss , a greater impact on performance apparel . Proban France Aube Lai Yiwei Wilson Limited by British creation, the Act of fabric finishing , flame-retardant effect is good , especially the treated fabric texture and strength retention is unmatched by any other finishing method , but this method is compared with the risk big , serious environmental pollution , thus promoting restricted.
2.2 Classification by type of flame retardant compounds
( 1 ) inorganic flame retardants : inorganic flame retardant main role is endothermic , the main varieties of aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide , red phosphorus , antimony oxide , molybdenum oxide , ammonium molybdate , zinc borate , zinc oxide , zirconium oxide, hydroxide, zirconium, etc. , in which aluminum hydroxide , magnesium hydroxide, red phosphorus , antimony oxide, the most widely used , in particular aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide can not only play a flame retardant , and can play the role of filling . They have good thermal stability , high efficiency , smoke suppression , resistance drops, fill safe, environmentally clean and cheap and other basic characteristics of the flame retardant material has been widely used . However, poor washability inorganic flame retardants , inorganic flame retardant because with strong hydrophilic polar , non- polar fabric with poor compatibility . Meanwhile, in order to achieve the required flame retardant , a large amount of inorganic flame retardant added , the mechanical properties of materials and processing performance impact . Therefore, the conventional ultrafine inorganic flame retardants and nano research in recent years has been unprecedented attention. In addition, to reduce the effect of the same flame retardant amount of a flame retardant compound , flame retardant research synergies , but also flame retardant research direction in recent years .
( 2 ) organic flame : organic phosphorus-based flame retardants and halogen is divided into two series . The former use is very restricted. Halogenated flame retardants include two major categories of chlorine and bromine . However, chlorine-based flame retardants brominated flame retardants to be better than the poor , and this is difficult to produce because of the reason of free chlorine group . In addition, as bromide, corrosive and toxic thermal decomposition is relatively small , and therefore the small amount of chloride can be achieved using the same flame-retardant effect . Therefore, use of brominated flame retardants much more common . However, the use of the total situation, halogen flame retardant due to its decomposition products containing halogen acid , smoke big , harmful , etc, are gradually being replaced by other inorganic flame retardants .
3.1 Multifunctional composite fabric flame retardant textile finishing production process
Textile flame retardant properties, three methods can be obtained . One is for flame-retardant treatment of textiles , to reach the fire retardant purposes, but the flame retardancy and washing with time gradually increase the number of weakened or disappeared. For cotton, linen, wool and other natural fibers , can only be used after finishing methods, namely by adsorption deposition, chemical bonding , van der Waals forces and non-polar bonding and so on. Another method is the direct production of flame retardant fibers , textiles made from such fibers having a permanent flame retardancy. Polyester , polyvinyl alcohol and other synthetic fibers they use this method. The third method is based on the actual needs of the production , effectively combine these two methods produce flame-retardant textiles. In addition to considering its flame retardant fabric , but also take into account the toxicity of flame retardant products and melt , so as to minimize the human and environmental damage.
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1 ) flame retardant fiber production process
There are fire-retardant fiber manufacturing coating, blending , and graft copolymerization modification method and core-sheath composite spinning method . Coating method is a fiber made of a flame retardant used in the production process or its physical adsorption or chemical binding , the flame attached to the flame-retardant fiber to achieve the purpose of the method . However, moisture can lead to physical adsorption , toxicity and other issues, it will cause fabrics chemisorption strength decreased , feel hard and other defects. And this fire-retardant treatment method limited scope depends on the skills and finishing plant , the treatment effect instability, poor durability . This method is generally used for natural fiber fabrics and synthetic blended fabric with flame processing, can also be used for pure polyester , polyacrylonitrile fabric processing , but the application is not common. Blending the spinning slice that is added during the manufacturing process or the flame retardant was added to a melt spinning method to obtain flame retardant fiber . To produce a flame retardant polypropylene fiber , the addition of flame retardants , there are two methods : ① Full Granulation : the polypropylene , flame retardants , stabilizers were blended , and extrusion granulation . Pellets with this spinning , flame retardant properties can be obtained with polypropylene fibers. ② masterbatch method: flame retardants, carrier , stabilizer were blended granulation, which is masterbatch pellets . Spinning , the polypropylene masterbatch certain proportion slices mixed, and spun to obtain a flame retardant polypropylene fiber . This method uses the more common , reducing the spinning temperature , to improve the spinnability of the polypropylene , the yarn strength, elongation qualities such little effect . Copolymerization polymer that is added during polymerization of the monomer in a flame retardant obtained by copolymerizing a molecular chain containing fire retardant chemicals unit slice spinning method . Modified polymers using this method , durable flame retardancy . This method is mainly used for addition polymerization type ( polyacrylonitrile ) and polycondensation type ( polyester, polyamide ) . Graft modification method is to use radiant heat , high-energy electron beam or chemical initiator of the fiber and flame retardant monomer graft copolymerization, to obtain effective and lasting flame retardant modified method . Fire retardant and flame retardant modified fiber grafting monomer graft copolymerization retardant elements and relevant parts . The flame-retardant sheath-core composite spinning method for modifying the application is not common , primarily because of the need complicated spinning apparatus . In recent years, composite flame retardant polyester fiber spinning method , the use of skin - core structure , that is, or add a flame retardant copolymer polyester core common polyester composite spun from the cortex . This is to prevent premature decomposition of halogenated flame retardants affect hydrogen halide leave the flame retardant effect, and also prevents certain shortcomings of phosphorus flame retardants are not high temperature , but also to maintain the original appearance of the fibers , whiteness and dyeability .
( 2 ) Flame Retardant three anti-cloth textile production process
Retardant fabric finishing process are the following .
a. Padding baking France
This method is the most widely used method of flame-retardant finishing one , the process is : padding - pre-baking - baking - post-processing.
It is a flame retardant solution dipping solution , suitable flame retardant finishing cellulosic fabrics .
b. impregnation drying method
Process: dipping - drying - post-processing.
It is immersed in liquid flame retardant fabric placed a certain time , remove the drying can sometimes be flame retardant finishing and dyeing processes simultaneously.
c. coating method
It is mixed with a flame retardant resin processed within . According to the type of mechanical equipment, blade coating method, casting coating method and a calender coating method . Different products using different processing methods.
Blade coating method: slurry mixed with the flame retardant coating with a doctor blade directly on the fabric . Mostly made of fire retardant solution or emulsion after the first application .
Casting coating method : pressure cast film is attached to the polymer fabric. For high levels of flame retardants and civil supplies a large curtain .
Calender coating method: the polymer film formed on the calender , and then laminated with the fabric , generally polyvinyl chloride resin , polyvinylidene chloride resin and a copolymer resin and a flame retardant such mixing . The tabernacle of the flame retardant finishing works mainly use this method.
d. spray
Who can not use common equipment for processing thick curtain, large carpets and other goods , can do it manually in the final step of spraying a flame retardant finishing . For the bulkiness surface pattern, tufted pile fabric fluff , if padding pattern hair will damage the surface , it is generally a continuous spray .
e. organic solvent
The flame retardants with organic matter dissolved , and then flame retardant finishing . It can shorten the time order , during operation , the solvent should be noted that the toxicity and flammability .
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