A wide variety of flame retardants , classification methods also have a variety . Retardant elements according contained classified into halogen-containing flame retardants, phosphorus-containing flame retardants, nitrogen-containing flame retardants ; according to the use of flame retardants and polymers in the presence of form, divided into additive and response type ; press were divided into non- durable flame retardant fabric flame retardant durable , semi-durable flame retardant , durable flame retardant three kinds ; according to types of compounds can be divided into organic and inorganic flame retardant agent. The following describes the method of classification according to the latter two flame retardants .
1.1 Classification according to durability of the fabric
( 1 ) Non- durable flame retardant : flame retardant , also known as temporary , most of the water-soluble ( or emulsion ) inorganic salts. When the first water-soluble flame retardant treatment , drying the impregnated fabric can be used ; also has two bath padding , and the second bath with ammonia or soda , the oxide is deposited on the fabric. This method is simple , cheap, but fabric feel poor, flame-retardant effect after washing fall significantly. Is used in disposable protective clothing .
( 2 ) semi-durable flame retardant : flame retardant fabric manufacturers use this process retardant textile processing capability of 1 to 10 times a mild detergent , but not high temperature soaping . The method has urea phosphate method ( usually called Banflam France ) , urinary phosphate ester method , ammonium a hydroxymethyl ammonium cyanide - A vinegar solution method .
( 3 ) durable flame retardant : inside the fiber by chemical polymerization or condensation reaction of the surface , to form a water-insoluble polymer , generally require more than 30 times washing level . The law mainly Ciba (CP) method and the Proban France . CP France by the Swiss company Ciba creation process is easy to implement the Act , flame-retardant effect is remarkable ; drawback is the larger fabric strength loss , a greater impact on performance apparel . Proban France Aube Lai Yiwei Wilson Limited by British creation, the Act of fabric finishing , flame-retardant effect is good , especially the treated fabric texture and strength retention is unmatched by any other finishing method , but this method is compared with the risk big , serious environmental pollution , thus promoting restricted.
2.2 Classification by type of flame retardant compounds
( 1 ) inorganic flame retardants : inorganic flame retardant main role is endothermic , the main varieties of aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide , red phosphorus , antimony oxide , molybdenum oxide , ammonium molybdate , zinc borate , zinc oxide , zirconium oxide, hydroxide, zirconium, etc. , in which aluminum hydroxide , magnesium hydroxide, red phosphorus , antimony oxide, the most widely used , in particular aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide can not only play a flame retardant , and can play the role of filling . They have good thermal stability , high efficiency , smoke suppression , resistance drops, fill safe, environmentally clean and cheap and other basic characteristics of the flame retardant material has been widely used . However, poor washability inorganic flame retardants , inorganic flame retardant because with strong hydrophilic polar , non- polar fabric with poor compatibility . Meanwhile, in order to achieve the required flame retardant , a large amount of inorganic flame retardant added , the mechanical properties of materials and processing performance impact . Therefore, the conventional ultrafine inorganic flame retardants and nano research in recent years has been unprecedented attention. In addition, to reduce the effect of the same flame retardant amount of a flame retardant compound , flame retardant research synergies , but also flame retardant research direction in recent years .
( 2 ) organic flame : organic phosphorus-based flame retardants and halogen is divided into two series . The former use is very restricted. Halogenated flame retardants include two major categories of chlorine and bromine . However, chlorine-based flame retardants brominated flame retardants to be better than the poor , and this is difficult to produce because of the reason of free chlorine group . In addition, as bromide, corrosive and toxic thermal decomposition is relatively small , and therefore the small amount of chloride can be achieved using the same flame-retardant effect . Therefore, use of brominated flame retardants much more common . However, the use of the total situation, halogen flame retardant due to its decomposition products containing halogen acid , smoke big , harmful , etc, are gradually being replaced by other inorganic flame retardants .
3.1 Multifunctional composite fabric flame retardant textile finishing production process
Textile flame retardant properties, three methods can be obtained . One is for flame-retardant treatment of textiles , to reach the fire retardant purposes, but the flame retardancy and washing with time gradually increase the number of weakened or disappeared. For cotton, linen, wool and other natural fibers , can only be used after finishing methods, namely by adsorption deposition, chemical bonding , van der Waals forces and non-polar bonding and so on. Another method is the direct production of flame retardant fibers , textiles made from such fibers having a permanent flame retardancy. Polyester , polyvinyl alcohol and other synthetic fibers they use this method. The third method is based on the actual needs of the production , effectively combine these two methods produce flame-retardant textiles. In addition to considering its flame retardant fabric , but also take into account the toxicity of flame retardant products and melt , so as to minimize the human and environmental damage.
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1 ) flame retardant fiber production process
There are fire-retardant fiber manufacturing coating, blending , and graft copolymerization modification method and core-sheath composite spinning method . Coating method is a fiber made of a flame retardant used in the production process or its physical adsorption or chemical binding , the flame attached to the flame-retardant fiber to achieve the purpose of the method . However, moisture can lead to physical adsorption , toxicity and other issues, it will cause fabrics chemisorption strength decreased , feel hard and other defects. And this fire-retardant treatment method limited scope depends on the skills and finishing plant , the treatment effect instability, poor durability . This method is generally used for natural fiber fabrics and synthetic blended fabric with flame processing, can also be used for pure polyester , polyacrylonitrile fabric processing , but the application is not common. Blending the spinning slice that is added during the manufacturing process or the flame retardant was added to a melt spinning method to obtain flame retardant fiber . To produce a flame retardant polypropylene fiber , the addition of flame retardants , there are two methods : ① Full Granulation : the polypropylene , flame retardants , stabilizers were blended , and extrusion granulation . Pellets with this spinning , flame retardant properties can be obtained with polypropylene fibers. ② masterbatch method: flame retardants, carrier , stabilizer were blended granulation, which is masterbatch pellets . Spinning , the polypropylene masterbatch certain proportion slices mixed, and spun to obtain a flame retardant polypropylene fiber . This method uses the more common , reducing the spinning temperature , to improve the spinnability of the polypropylene , the yarn strength, elongation qualities such little effect . Copolymerization polymer that is added during polymerization of the monomer in a flame retardant obtained by copolymerizing a molecular chain containing fire retardant chemicals unit slice spinning method . Modified polymers using this method , durable flame retardancy . This method is mainly used for addition polymerization type ( polyacrylonitrile ) and polycondensation type ( polyester, polyamide ) . Graft modification method is to use radiant heat , high-energy electron beam or chemical initiator of the fiber and flame retardant monomer graft copolymerization, to obtain effective and lasting flame retardant modified method . Fire retardant and flame retardant modified fiber grafting monomer graft copolymerization retardant elements and relevant parts . The flame-retardant sheath-core composite spinning method for modifying the application is not common , primarily because of the need complicated spinning apparatus . In recent years, composite flame retardant polyester fiber spinning method , the use of skin - core structure , that is, or add a flame retardant copolymer polyester core common polyester composite spun from the cortex . This is to prevent premature decomposition of halogenated flame retardants affect hydrogen halide leave the flame retardant effect, and also prevents certain shortcomings of phosphorus flame retardants are not high temperature , but also to maintain the original appearance of the fibers , whiteness and dyeability .
( 2 ) Flame Retardant three anti-cloth textile production process
Retardant fabric finishing process are the following .
a. Padding baking France
This method is the most widely used method of flame-retardant finishing one , the process is : padding - pre-baking - baking - post-processing.
It is a flame retardant solution dipping solution , suitable flame retardant finishing cellulosic fabrics .
b. impregnation drying method
Process: dipping - drying - post-processing.
It is immersed in liquid flame retardant fabric placed a certain time , remove the drying can sometimes be flame retardant finishing and dyeing processes simultaneously.
c. coating method
It is mixed with a flame retardant resin processed within . According to the type of mechanical equipment, blade coating method, casting coating method and a calender coating method . Different products using different processing methods.
Blade coating method: slurry mixed with the flame retardant coating with a doctor blade directly on the fabric . Mostly made of fire retardant solution or emulsion after the first application .
Casting coating method : pressure cast film is attached to the polymer fabric. For high levels of flame retardants and civil supplies a large curtain .
Calender coating method: the polymer film formed on the calender , and then laminated with the fabric , generally polyvinyl chloride resin , polyvinylidene chloride resin and a copolymer resin and a flame retardant such mixing . The tabernacle of the flame retardant finishing works mainly use this method.
d. spray
Who can not use common equipment for processing thick curtain, large carpets and other goods , can do it manually in the final step of spraying a flame retardant finishing . For the bulkiness surface pattern, tufted pile fabric fluff , if padding pattern hair will damage the surface , it is generally a continuous spray .
e. organic solvent
The flame retardants with organic matter dissolved , and then flame retardant finishing . It can shorten the time order , during operation , the solvent should be noted that the toxicity and flammability .
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